State of the Environment Reports

MANITOBA PLANTS AND ANIMALS

This section lists scientific names and common names (if any) of all higher plants and animals in the province. Scientific names, rather than common names, are cited first for each species because many plants do not have common names, or if they do, their common names may apply to more than one species (e.g., Gentiana andrewsii and Gentiana linearis have both been called Closed Gentian).

The list is organized under eight major headings, from lichens to mammals. Under most major headings, families are listed in their accepted order, and then under each family, genera and species are listed alphabetically, to make it easier to locate individual species. If you are not accustomed to reading a list of this type, it may help to focus on common names which are set in bold type down the right-hand side of each column, starting with ferns on page 173.

 

LICHENS

Acarospora molybdina (Wahlenb. in Ach.) Trev Alectoria americana Mot. - bicolor (Ehrh.) Nyl. - nidulifera Norrl. - nigricans (Ach.) Nyl. - ochroleuca (Hoffm.) Massal. - sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. Anaptychia speciosa (Wulf.) Mass. - kaspica Gyel. Arctoparmelia centrifuga (L.) Ach. - incurva (Pers.) Hale Arthonia lecideela Nyl. Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Korber Bacidia bagliettoana (Massal. & Denot. in Mass.) Jatta - epixanthoides (Nyl.) Lett. - naegelii (Hepp) Zahlbr. - sphaeroides (Dicks.) Zahlbr. Baeomyces carneus Flk. Bellemerea alpina (Sommerf.) Clauz. & Roux Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr. Bryochaulon divergens (Ach.) Karnefelt Bryoria chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. - fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & Hawksw. - furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. - fuscescens (Gyelm.) Brodo & Hawksw. - lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & Hawksw. - nitidula (Th. Fr.) Brodo & Hawksw. - simplicior (Vainio) Brodo & Hawksw. Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd - parasema (Ach.) T.Fries. - punctata (Hoffm.) Mass. Calicium polyporaeum Nyl. - pusillum (Ach.) Floerke. - trabinellum (Ach.) Ach. Caloplaca ammiospila (Wahlenb.in Ach.) - elegans (Link) Th. Fr. - holocarpa (Hoffm.) Wade - jungermanniae (Vahl) Th. Fr. - sinapisperma (Laam. & DC.) Maheu & A. Gillet - stillicidiorum (Vahl) Lynge - tetraspora (Nyl.) Oliv. - tiroliensis Zahlbr. Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein. - fibrosa (Fr.) Mull. Arg. Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. - vitellina (Ehrh.) Mull. Arg. - xanthostigma (Pers.) Lettau Catapyrenium cinereum (Pers.) Korber Catillaria arctica Lynge - glauconigrans (Tuck.) Hasse - globulosa (Floerke) T.Fries. - micrococca (Koerb.) Fink. - musicola Lynge Cetraria andrejevii Oksn. - aurescens Tuck - chlorophylla (Willd.) Vainio - commixta (Nyl.) Th. Fr. - cucullata (Bell.) Ach. - delisei (Bory) Th. Fr. - ericetorum Opiz. - fendleri (Nyl.) Tuck. - halei W. Culb. & C. Culb. - hepatizon (Ach.) Vainio - islandica (L.) Ach. - laevigata Rass - nivalis (L.) Ach. - oakesiana Tuck. - pinastri (Scop.) S. Gray - sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. Cladina arbuscula (Wallr.) Rabenh. - mitis (Sandst.) Hale & W. Culb. - rangiferina (L.) Nyl. - stellaris (Opiz) Brodo Cladonia acuminata (Ach.) Norrl. - alaskana Evans. - amaurocraea (Flk.) Schaer. - bacillaris (Gluck) Nyl. - bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaerer - botrytes (Hag.) Willd. - capitata (Michx.) Spreng. - cariosa (Ach.) Spreng. - carneola (Fr.) Fr. - cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. - cervicornis (Ach.) Flot. - chlorophaea Spreng. - coccifera (L.) Willd. - coniocraea (Florke) Spreng. - cornuta (L.) Hoffm. - crispata ((Ach.) Flot. - cristatella Tuck. - cryptochlorophaea Asah. - cyanipes (Sommerf.) Nyl. - decorticata (Flk.) Spreng. - deformis (L.) Hoffm. - digitata (L.) Hoffm. - ecmocyna (Ach.) Nyl. - fimbriata (L.) Fr. - furcata (Huds.) Schrad. - gracilis (L.) Willd. - macilenta Hoffm. - macroceras (Florke) Ahti - macrophylla (Ehrh.) Ach. - major (Hag.) Sandst. - maxima (Asah) Ahti - merochlorophaea Asah. - multiformis Merr. - nemoxyna (Ach.) Nyl. - norrlinii Vainio - parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm. - phyllophora (Ehrh.) Hoffm. - pleurota (Florke) Schaerer - pocillum (Ach.) Koerb. - pseudorangiformis Asah. - pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. - scabriuscula (Duby) Leight. - squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm. - stellaria (Opiz) Brodo - strepsilis (Ach.) Vain. - stricta (Nyl.) Nyl. - subulata (L.) Wigg - subfurcata (Nyl.) Arn. - sulphurina (Michx.) Fr. - symphycarpa (Ach.) Fr. - transcendens (Vain.) Vain. - turgida (Ehrh.) Hoffm. - uncialis (L.) Wigg. - verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer. Coelocaulon aculeatum (Schreb.) Link - muricatum (Ach.) Laundon Collema bachmanianum (Fink.) Degel. - cristaum (L.) G.H. Webb - limosum (Ach.) Ach. - tenax (Sw.) Ach em. Degel. - tuniforme (Ach.) Ach. em. Degel. - undulatum Laur. ex Flot Corniculata aculeata (Schreb.) Ach. - divergens Ach. Cyphelium tigillare (Ach.) Ach. Dactylina arctica (Richards.) Nyl. Dermatocarpon fluviatile (G. Web.) Th. Fr. - miniatum (L.) Mann. - lachneum (Ach.) A. L. Sm. Dimeleana oreina (Ach.) Norm Diplotomma epipolium (Ach.) Arnold Ephebe lanata (L.) Vain. Evernia divaricata (L.) Ach. - mesomorpha Nyl. - thamnodes (Flot.) Nyl. Fulgensia bracteata (Hoffm.) Ras Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. Gyalecta foveolaris (Ach.) Schaerer Hypogymnia austerodes (Nyl.) Ras - bitteri (Lynge) Ahti - physodes (L.) W. Wats - tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr. Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) Nyl. Lasallia papulosa (Ach.) Llano - pensylvanica (Hoffm.) Llano Lecania erysibe (Ach.) Mudd Lecanora atrosulphurea (Wahlenb.) Ach. - behringii Nyl. - caesiosulphuria Vainio - chlarotera Nyl. - chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach. - circumborealis Brodo & Vitik. - contractula Nyl. - dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf. - epibryon (Ach.) Ach. - fuscescens (Sommerf.) Nyl. - impudens Degel. - intricata (Ach.) Ach. - muralis (Schreb.) Tuck. - nordenskioeldii Vainio - polytropa (Ehrh.) Rabenh. - pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. - rugosella Zahlbr. - rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. - subfusca (L.) Ach. - symmicta (Ach.) Ach. Lecidea anthracophila Nyl. - atrobrunnea (Ramond in Lam. & DC.) - auriculata Th. Fr. - berengeriana (Massal.) Th. Fr. - botryosa (Fr.) Th Fr. - caesioatra Schaerer - erythrophaea Florkke ex Sommerf. - granulosa (Hoffm.) Ach. - hypnorum Libert - nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr. - plebeja Nyl. - turgidula Fr. - parasema Ach. - rubiformis (Ach.) Wahlenb. - scalaris (Ach.) Ach. - vernalis (L.) Ach. Lecidella carpathica Korber - elaeochroma (Ach.) Choisy - euphorea (Florke) Hertel - glomerulosa (D.C.) Choisy - stigmatea (ach.) Hertel & Leuckert - wulfenii (Hepp) Korber Leptogium cyanescens (L.) S.F.Gray - lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. - saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl. Lobaria linita (Ach.) Rabenh. - pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. - scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. Lopadium pezizoideum (Ach.) Korber Melanelia disjuncta (Erichs.) Essl. - exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl. - glabratula (Lamy) Essl. - septentrionalis (Lynge) Essl. - sorediosa (Almb.) Essl. Micarea crassipes (Th. Fr.) Coppins - turfosa (Mass.) Du Reitz Mycobilimbia obscurata (Sommerf.) Rehm - sabuletorum (Schreber) Hafellner Mycocalicium subtile (Pers.) Szat. Ochrolechia androgyna (Hoffm.) Arn. - frigida (Sw.) Lynge - gyalectina (Nyl.) Zahlbr. - inequatula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. - tartarea (L.) Massal. - upsaliensis (L.) Massal. Ophioparma lapponica (Ras) Haffelner Nephroma arcticum (L.) Torss. - bellum (Spreng.) Tuck. - expallidum (Nyl.) Nyl. - helveticum Ach. - parile (Ach.) Ach. Pachyspora verrucosa (Ach.) Massal. Pannaria hookeri (Borr. ex Sm.) Nyl. - pezizoides (G.Web.) Trev. - praetermissa (Nyl.) P.James Parmelia bolliana Mull. Arg. - borreri Turn. - caperata (L.) Ach. - cetrata Ach. - conspersa (Ach.) Ach. - cumberlandia (Gyeln.) Hale - encausta (Sw.) Nyl. - exasperatula Nyl. - flaventior Stirt. - fraudans Nyl. - molliuscula Ach. - olivacea (L.) Ach. - omphalodes (L.) Ach. - panniformes (Nyl.) Vain. - perlata (L.) Ach. - saxatilis (L.) Ach. - septentrionalis (Lynge) Ahti - squarrosa Hale - stygia (L.) Ach. - subaurifera Nyl. - subrudecta Nyl. - sulcata Tayl. - taractica Kremplh. - tasmanica Hook. & Tayl. - tiliacea (Hoffm.) Ach. - ulophyllodes (Vain.) Sav. Parmeliella arctophila (Th. Fr.) Malme - tryptophylla (Ach.) Mull.Arg. Parmeliopsis aleurites (Ach.) Nyl. - ambigua (Wulf.) Nyl. - hyperopta (Ach.) Arn. - placorodia (Ach.) Nyl. - subargentifera Nyl. - subaurifera Nyl. Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. - canina (L.) Willd. - didactyla (With.) Laundon - elisabethae Gyeln. - evansiana Gyel. - hispida (Schreb.) Tuck. - horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg. - lepidophora (Nyl.) Vainio - leucophlebia Gyeln. - malacea (Ach.) Funck - multiformis Merr. - neckeri Hepp - obsessa Mont. - polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm. - ponojensis Gyeln. - praetextata (Somm.) Vain. - pulverulenta (Schreb.) Nyl. - rufescens (Weis.) Humb. - scabrosa Th. Fr. - spuria (Ach.) DC. - stellaris (L.) Nyl. - venosa (L.) Baumg. Pertusaria atra Lynge - bryontha (Ach.) Nyl. - bryophaga Erichs. - coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th.Fr. - dactylina (Ach.) Nyl. - panygra (Ach.) Massal. - subdactylina Nyl. - subobducens Nyl. Phaeophyscia constipata (Norrl. & Nyl.) Moberg - sciastra (Ach.) Moberg Physcia adscendens Bitt. - aipolia (Ehrh.) Hampe - caesia (Hoffm.) Hampe - ciliata (Hoffm.) DR. - dubia (Hoffm.) Lett. - grisea (Lam.) Zahlbr. - millegrana Degel. - musicgena (Ach.) Nyl. - orbicularis (Neck.) Poetsch. - phaea (Tuck.) Thoms. - sciastra (Ach.) DR. - stellaris (L.) Nyl. - subobscura (Nyl.) Nyl. - syncolla Tuck. Physconia detersa (Nyl.) Poelt - muscigena (Ach.) Poelt Phytoconis ericetorum (Pers.) Redh. & Kuyper Placodium aurantiacum (Lightf.) Hepp. - cerinum (Hoffm.) Hepp. - elegans (Link.) Ach. - vitellinum (Hoffm.) Hepp. Placopsis gelida (L.) Linds Placynthium aspratile (Ach.) Henss. - nigrum (Huds.) S.F. Gray Platismatia glauca (L.) W.Culb. & C. Culb. Polyblastia bryophila Lonnr. - hyperborea Th. Fr. Polychidium muscicola (Sw.) S.F. Gray Polysporina simplex (Dav.) Vezda Porpidia flavicunda (Ach. ) Gowan Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner Pseudephebe minuscula (Nyl. ex Arn.) Brodo & Hawksw. Pseudevernia consocians (Vain.) Hale & Culb. Psoroma hypnorum (Vahl) S.F. Gray Pyrrhospora varians (Ach.) R.C. Harris Ramalina calicaris (L.) E.Fries - farinacea (L.) Ach. - fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. - intermedia (Del. ex Nyl.) Nyl. - minuscula (Nyl.) Nyl. - obtusata (Arn.) Bitt. - pollinaria (Westr.) - roesleri (Hochst.) Nyl. - thrausta (Ach.) Nyl. Rhizocarpon disporum (Naeg.) Mull. Arg. - geographicum (L.) DC. - petraeum (Wulf.) Koerb. Rinodina archaea (Ach.) Arnold - calcigena (Th. Fr.) Lynge - mniaraea (Ach.) Korber - oreina (Ach.) Mass. - roscida (Sommerf.) Arnold - turfacea (Wahlenb.) Korber - sophodes (Ach.) Koerb. Sarcogyne regularis Korber Schaereria tenebrosa (Flowtow) Hertel & Poelt Solorina bispora Nyl. - octospora (Arn.) Arn. - saccata (L.) Ach. - spongiosa (Sm.) Anzi Sphaerophorus fragilis (L.) Pers. - globosus (Huds.) Vainio Sphinctrina turbinata (Pers.) de Not Staurothele fissa (Taylor) Zwackh - fuscocuprea (Nyl.) Zsch. Stereocaulon alpinum Laur. - condensatum Hoffm. - dactylophyllum Florke - grande (Magn.) Magn. - paschale (L.) Hoffm. - saxatile Magn. - subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl. - tomentosum Fr. Telochistes chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. - lychneus (Ach.) Tuck. - polycarpus (Hoffm.) Tuck. Tephromela armeniaca (DC.) Hertel & Rambold Thamnolia subuliformis (Ehrh.) W. Culb. - vermicularis (Sw.) Ach. ex Schaerer Toninia caeruleonigricans (Lightf.) Th. Fr. - lobulata (Sommerf.) Lynge Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch. Tremalecia atrata (Ach.) Hertel Umbilicaria arctica (Ach.) Nyl. - deusta (L.) Baumg. - hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. - mammulata (Ach.) Tuck. - muhlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. - proboscidea (L.) Schrad. - torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrad. - vellea (L.) Ach. Urceolaria scruposa (L.) Nyl. Usnea barbata (L.) E.Fries - cavernosa Tuck. - comosa (Ach.) Ach. - fulvoreagens (Ras.) Ras. - hirta (L.) Wigg. - longissima (L.) Ach. - scabrata Nyl. - subfloridana Stirt - substerilis Mot. Verrucaria muralis Ach. - nigrescens Pers. - rupestris Schrad. Xanthoparmelia centrifuga (L.) Hale - conspersa (Ach.) Hale - incurva (Pers.) Hale - plittii (Gyel.) Hale - separata (Th. Fr.) Hale Xanthoria candelaria )L.) Th. Fr. - elegans (Link.) Th. Fr. - fallax (Hepp) Arn. - polycarpa (Ehrh.) Oliv. - sorediata (Vainio) Poelt Xylographa abietina (Pers.) Zahlbr. - parallela (Ach.) E.Fries.

BRYOPHYTA (MOSSES & LIVERWORTS) MUSCI (MOSSES) Aloina brevirostris (Hook. & Grev.) Kindb. Amblyodon dealbatus (Hedw.) B.S.G. Amblystegium humile (P. Beauv.) Crundw. -  juratzkanum Schimp. -  riparium (Hedw.) B.S.G. -  serpens (Hedw.) B.S.G. -  varium (Hedw.) Lindb. Andreaea rupestris Hedw. Anoectangium tenuinerve (Limpr.) Par. Anomodon attenuatus (Hedw.) Hub. -  minor (Hedw.) Furnr. -  rostratus (Hedw.) Schimp. Astomum muhlenbergianum (Sw.) Grout Atrichum altecristatum (Lindb. & H. Arnell) Kindb. -  tenellum (Rohl) B.S.G. -  undulatum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. Aulacomnium acuminatum (Lindb. & H. Arnell) Kindb. -  heterostichum (Hedw.) B.S.G. -  palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. -  turgidum (Wahlenb.) Schwaegr. Barbula convoluta Hedw. -  fallax Hedw. -  icmadophila Schimp. ex C. Mull. -  reflexa (Brid.) Brid. -  unguiculata Hedw. Bartramia ithyphylla Brid. -  pomiformis Hedw. Brachythecium acuminatum (Hedw.) Aust. -  acutum (Mitt.) Sull. -  albicans (Hedw.) B.S.G. -  plumosum (Hedw.) B.S.G. -  populeum (Hedw.) B.S.G. -  reflexum (Starke ex Web & Mohr) B.S.G. -  rivulare B.S.G. -  rutabulum (Hedw.) B.S.G. -  salebrosum (Web. & Mohr) B.S.G. -  turgidum (C.J. Hartm.) Kindb. -  velutinum (Hedw.) B.S.G. Brotherella recurvans (Michx.) Fleisch Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Chen Bryum acutiforme Limpr. ex Hag. -  algovicum Sendtn. ex C. Mull. -  arcticum (R. Br.) B.S.G. -  argenteum Hedw. -  blindii B.S.G. -  caespiticium Hedw. -  calophyllum R.Br. -  creberrimum Tayl. -  knowltonii Barnes -  lisae (B.S.G.) Marg. -  lonchocaulon C. Mull. -  longisetum Bland ex Schwaegr. -  pallens (Brid.) Sw. ex Rohl. -  pallescens Schleich. ex Schwaegr. -  pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn., Meyer, & Scherb. -  salinum Hag. ex Limpr. -  stenotrichum C. Mull. -  teres Lindb. -  uliginosum (Brid.) B.S.G. -  weigelii Spreng. -  wrightii Sull. & Lesq. Callicladium haldanianum (Grev.) Crum Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb. -  giganteum (Schimp.) Kindb. ex Warnst. -  richardsonii (Mitt.) Kindb. ex Warnst. -  sarmentosum (Wahlenb.) Kindb. -  stramineum (Brid.) Kindb. -  trifarium (Web.) & Mohr) Kindb. -  turgescens (T. Jens.) Kindb. Campylium chrysophyllum (Brid) J. Lange -  hispidulum (Brid.) J. Lange -  polygamum (B.S.G.) C Jens. -  radicale (P. Beauv.) Grout -  stellatum (Hedw.) C. Jens. Catoscopium nigritum (Hedw.) Brid. Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. Cinclidium arcticum (B.S.G.) Schimp. -  latifolium Lindb. -  stygium Sw. Cirriphyllum cirrosum (Schwaegr. ex Schultes) Grout -  tenuinerve (Lindb.) Wijk & Marg. Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr Cnestrum glaucescens (Lindb. & Arn.) Holm. ex Mogensen & Steere Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce Cynodontium strumiferum (Hedw.) Lindb. -  tenellum (B.S.G.) Limpr. Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides (Hub) Kop. Desmatodon cernuus (Hub) B.S.G. -  heimii (Hedw.) Mitt. -  latifolius (Hedw.) Brid. -  obtusifoius (Schwaegr.) Schimp. -  systylius Schimp. Dichelyma capillaceum (With.) Myr. -  falcatum (Hedw.) Myr. Dicranella cerviculata (Hedw.) Schimp. -  crispa (Hedw.) Schimp. -  grevilleana (Brid.) Schimp. -  heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp. -  schreberiana (Hedw.) Schimp. -  varia (Hedw.) Schimp. Dicranoweisia crispula (Hedw.) Lindb. ex Milde Dicranum acutifolium (Lindb. & Arnell) C.Jens. ex Weinm. -  angustum Lindb. -  bonjeanii De Not. ex Lisa -  elongatum Schleich. ex Schwaegr. -  flagellare Hedw. -  fragilifolium Lindb. -  fuscescens Turn. -  groenlandicum Brid. -  montanum Hedw. -  muehlenbeckii B.S.G. -  ontariense Peterson -  polysetum Sw. -  scoparium Hedw. -  spadiceum Zett. -  tauricum Sapeh. -  undulatum Brid. Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. Distichium capillaceum (Hedw.) B.S.G. -  hagenii Ryan ex Philib. -  inclinatum (Hedw.) B.S.G. Ditrichum flexicaule (Schwaegr.) Hampe Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. -  badius (C.J. Hartm.) Roth -  capillifolius (Warnst.) Warnst. -  exannulatus (B.S.G.) Warnst. -  fluitans (Hedw.) Warnst. -   lycopodiodes (Brid.) Warnst. -  revolvens (Sw.) Warnst. -  sendtneri (Schimp.) Warnst. -  tundrae (H. Arn.) Loeske -  uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst. -  vernicosus (Lindb. ex C. Hartm.) Warnst. Encalypta alpina Sm. -  brevicolla (B.S.G.) Bruch ex Angstr. -  ciliata Hedw. -  procera Bruch -  rhaptocarpa Schwaegr. -  vulgaris Hedw. Entodon cladorrhizans (Hedw.) C. Mull. Eurhynchium pulchellum (Hedw.) Jenn. -  riparioides (Hedw.) Rich. Fissidens bryoides Hedw. -  osmundoides Hedw. Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. -  dalecarlica Schimp. ex B.S.G. -  hypnoides C.J. Hartm. -  macmillani Card. -  novae-angliae Sull. Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. Grimmia affinis Hoppe & Hornsch. ex Hornsch. -  alpicola Hedw. -  apocarpa Hedw. -  tenera Zett. Gymnostomum aeruginosum Sm. -  calcereum Nees, Hornsch., & Sturm -  recurvirostrum Hedw. Gyroweisia tenuis (Hedw.) Schimp. Haplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth. Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P.Beauv. Helodium blandowii (Web. & Mohr) Warnst. Herzogiella striatella (Brid.) Iwats. -  turfacea (Lindb.) Iwats. Hygroamblystegium fluviatile (Hedw.) Loeske -  tenax (Hedw.) Jenn. Hygrohypnum alpestre (Hedw.) Loeske -  luridum (Hedw.) Jenn. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G. Hypnum bambergeri Schimp. -  cupressiforme Hedw. -  fertile Sendtn. -  hamulosum B.S.G. -  lindbergii Mitt. -  pallescens (Hedw.) P. Beauv. -  pratense Koch ex Brid. -  recurvatum (Lindb. & H. Arnell) Kindb. -  revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb. -  subimponens Lesq. -  vaucheri Lesq. Isopterygium pulchellum (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. Kiaeria glacialis (Berggr.) Hag. -  starkei (Web. & Mohr) Hag. Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wils. Leptodictyum brevipes (Card. & Ther. ex Holz.) Broth. -  riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. -  trichopodium (Schultz) Warnst. Lescuraea patens (Lindb.) H. Arnell & C. Jens. Leskea gracilescens Hedw. -  obscura Hedw. -  polycarpa Hedw. Leskeella nervosa (Brid.) Loeske Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Angstr. ex Fr. Meesia longiseta Hedw. -  triquetra (Richt.) Angstr. -  uliginosa Hedw. Mnium lycopodioides Schwaegr. -  spinulosum B.S.G. -  thomsonii Schimp. Myurella julacea (Schwaegr.) B.S.G. -  tenerrima (Brid.) Lindb. Neckera pennata Hedw. Oncophorus virens (Hedw.) Brid. -  wahlenbergii Brid. Orthothecium chryseum (Schwaegr. ex Schultes) B.S.G. -  strictum Lor. Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. -  jamesianum Sull. ex James -  laevigatum Zett. -  obtusifolium Brid. -  pumilum Sw. -  pylaisii Brid. -  sordidum Sull. & Lesq.ex Aust -  speciosum Nees ex Sturm -  strangulatum P. Beauv. Oxystegus tenuirostre (Hook. & Tayl.)Steere Paludella squarrosa (hedw.) Brid. Paraleucobryum longifolium (Hedw.) Brid. Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid. Physcomitrella hookeri Hampe -  pyriforme (Hedw.) Hampe Plagiobyrum zierii (Hook.) Lindb. Plagiomnium ciliare (C.Mull.) Kop. -  cuspidatum (Hedw.) Kop. -  drummondii (Bruch & Schimp) Kop. -  ellipticum (Brid.) Kop. -  medium (B.S.G.) Kop. Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) B.S.G. -  laetum B.S.G. Platydictya jungermannioides (Brid.) Crum Platygyrium repens (Brid.) B.S.G. Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. Pogonatum alpinum (Hedw.) Rohl. Pohlia annotina (Hedw.) Lindb. -  atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) H. Lindb. -  bulbifera (Warnst.) Warnst. -  cruda (Hedw.) Lindb. -  nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. -  proligera (Kindb. ex Limpr.) Lindb. & H. Arnell -  vexans (Limpr.) H. Lindb. -  wahlenbergii (Web. & Mohr) Andr. Polytrichum commune Hedw. -  formosum Hedw. -  hyperboreum R.Br. -  juniperinum Hedw. -  longisetum Brid. -  piliferum Hedw. -  strictum Brid. Pseudobryum cinclidioides (Hub) Kop. Pseudoleskeella papillosa (Lindb.) Kindb. -  tectorum (Funck ex Brid.) Kindb. ex Broth. Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not. Pylaisiella intricata (Hedw.) Grout -  polyantha (Hedw.) Grout Rauiella scita (P. Beauv.) Reim. Rhabdoweisia crispata (With.) Lindb. Rhacomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid. -  lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid. Rhizomnium gracile Kop. -  pseudopunctatum (Bruch & Schimp.) Kop. -  punctatum (Hedw.) Kop. Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. Rhynchostegiella compacta (C. Mull.) Loeske Rhytidiadelphus triquetris (Hedw.) Warnst. Rhytidium rugosum (Hedw.) Kindb. Saelania glaucescens (Hedw.) Bomanss. & Broth. Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) B. & S. in B.S.G. -  rivulare (Brid.) Podp. Scorpidium scorpioides (Hedw.) Limpr. -  turgescens (T. Jens) Loeske Seligeria calcarea (Hedw.) B.S.G. -   campylopoda Kindb. ex Mac. & Kindb. Sphagnum angustifolium (C. Jens. ex Russ.) C.Jens. -  annulatum Warnst. -  balticum (Russ.) Russ. ex C. Jens. -  capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. -  centrale C. Jens. ex H. Arnell & C. Jens. -  compactum DC. ex Lam. & DC. -  cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm. -  fallax (Klinggr.) Klinggr. -  fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr. -  girgensohnii Russ. -  jensenii H. Lindb. -  lindbergii Schimp. ex Lindb. -  magellanicum Brid. -  nemoreum Scop. -  obtusum Warnst. -  riparium Angstr. -  rubellum Wils. -  russowii Warnst. -  squarrosum Crome -  tenellum (Brid.) Pers. ex Brid. -  teres (Schimp.) Angstr. ex C. Hartm. -  warnstorfii Russ. -  wulfianum Girg. Splachnum ampullaceum Hedw. -  sphaericum Hedw. -  vasculosum Hedw. Stegonia latifolia (Schwaegr. ex Schultes) Vent. Taxiphyllum deplanatum (Bruch & Schimp. ex Sull.) Fleisch. Tayloria lingulata (Dicks.) Lindb. -  serrata (Hedw.) B.S.G. Tetraphis pellucida Hedw. Tetraplodon angustatus (Hedw.) B.S.G. -  mnioides (Hedw.) B.S.G. Thuidium abietinum (Hedw.) B.S.G. -  delicatulum (Hedw.) B.S.G. -  recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb. Timmia megapolitana Hedw. -  norvegica Zett. Tomenthypnum falcifolium Ren. ex Nich. -  nitens (Hedw.) Loeske Tortella fragilis (Drumm.) Limpr. Tortula amplexa (Lesq.) Steere -  mucronifolia Schwaegr. -  norvegica (Web.) Wahlenb. ex Lindb. -  ruralis (Hedw.) Gaertn., Meyer, & Scherb. -  vahliana (Schultz.) Mont. in Gay Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid. -  curvifolia (Wahlenb.) Lilj. Weissia controversa Hedw. Zygodon viridissimus (Dicks.) Brid.

HEPATICAE (LIVERWORTS) Anastrophyllum minutum (Schreb.) Schust. Aneura pinquis (L.) Dumort. Anthelia juratzkana (Limpr.) Trev. Barbilophozia hatcheri (Evans) Loeske Blepharostoma trichophyllum (L.) Dum. Calypogeia muelleriana (Schiffn.) K. Mull. -  neesiana (Mass.) Loeske Cephalozia lunulifolia (Dum.) Dum. Lepidozia reptans (L.) Dum. Lophozia attenuata (Mart.) Dum. -  incisa (Schrad.) Dumort. -  kunzeana (Hub.) Evans. Marchantia polymorpha L. Moerckia hibernica (Hook.) Gott. Odontoschisma macounii (Aust.) Underw. Plagiochila porelloides (Torry ex Nees) Lindenb. Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Hampe -  pulcherrimum (G. Web) Hampe Scapania curta (Moart.) Dum. PTERIDOPHYTA (FERNS AND FERN ALLIES) EQUISETACEAE (HORSE-TAIL FAMILY) Equisetum arvense L. Common Horsetail - fluviatile L. Swamp Horsetail - hyemale L. Common Scouring-rush - laevigatum A. Br. Smooth Scouring-rush - palustre L. Marsh Horsetail - pratense Ehrh. Meadow Horsetail - scirpoides Michx. Dwarf Scouring-rush - sylvaticum L. Wood Horsetail - variegatum Schleich. Variegated Horsetail

LYCOPODIACEAE (CLUB-MOSS FAMILY) Lycopodium annotinum L. Stiff Club-moss -  clavatum L. Running Pine -  complanatum L. Trailing Club-moss -  dendroideum Michx. Ground-pine -  lucidulum Michx Shining Club-Moss -  selago L. Mountain-Club-moss -  sitchense Rupr. Ground-Fir -  tristachyum Pursh Ground-Cedar

SELAGINELLACEAE (SPIKEMOSS FAMILY) Selaginella densa Rydb. Prairie Selaginella -  rupestris (L.) Spring -  selaginoides (L.) Link

ISOETACEAE (QUILLWORT FAMILY) Isoetes echinospora Dur.

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE (ADDER'S TONGUE FAMILY) Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. Moonwort -  matricariaefolium A.Br. -  minganense Vict. -  multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr.  Leathery Grape-Fern -  virginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake-fern

OSMUNDACEAE (FLOWERING FERN FAMILY) Osmunda claytoniana L. Interrupted Fern

POLYPODIACEAE (FERN FAMILY) Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth Lady Fern Cryptogramma crispa (L.) R.Br. Parsley Fern Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. Bulbet-fern -  fragilis (L.) Bernh. Fragile Fern Dryopteris  cristata (L.) Gray Crested Shield Fern -  earthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs Woynar Spinulose Shield Fern -  fragrans (L.) Schott Fragrant Shield Fern Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm. Oak-fern -  jessoense (Koidz.) Koidz. Northern Oak-Fern Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro Ostrich Fern. Fiddle Heads Onoclea sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern Pellaea glabella Mett. Purple Cliff Brake Phagopteris connectitis (Michx.) Watt Beech-Fern Polypodium virginianum L. Rock-Polypody Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Brake. Bracken Fern Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.) Schott Marsh Fern Woodsia alpina (Bolton) S.F. Gray Northern Woodsia -  glabella R.Br. Smooth Woodsia -  ilvensis (L.) R.Br. Rusty Woodsia -  oregana Eat. Blunt-lobed or Large Woodsia -  scopulina Eat. Rocky Mountain Woodsia

SPERMATOPHYTA (SEED PLANTS) GYMNOSPERMAE (GYMNOSPERMS) TAXACEAE (YEW FAMILY) Taxus canadensis Marsh. Canada Yew

PINACEAE (PINE FAMILY) Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Balsam Fir Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper -  horizontalis Moench Creeping Savin Larix laricina (Du Roi) K.Koch Tamarack or Larch Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce -  mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce Pinus banksiana Lamb. Jack Pine -  resinosa Ait. Red or Norway Pine -  strobus L. Eastern White Pine Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern White Cedar

ANGIOSPERMAE (ANGIOSPERMS) MONOCOTYLEDONS TYPHACEAE (CAT-TAIL FAMILY) Typha angustifolia L. Narrow -leaved Cat-tail -  glauca Godron -  latifolia L. Common Cat-tail

SPARGANIACEAE (BUR-REED FAMILY) Sparganium angustifolium Michx. Narrow-leaved Bur-reed -  chlorocarpum Rydb. Stemless Bur-reed -  eurycarpum Engelm. Broad-fruited Bur-reed -  hyperboreum Laestad Northern Bur-reed -  minimum (Hartm.) Fries Small Bur-reed -  multipedunculatum (Morong) Rydb. Many Stalked Bur-reed

ZOSTERACEAE (PONDWEED FAMILY) Potamogeton alpinus Balbis Northern Pondweed -  amplifolius Tuck. Large-leaved Pondweed -  berchtoldii Fieber Pondweed -  epihydrus Raf. Nutall's Pondweed -  filiformis Pers. Filiform Pondweed -  foliosus Raf. Leafy Pondweed -  friesii Rupr. Fries' Pondweed -  gramineus L. Various-Leaved Pondweed -  illinoensis Morong Illinois Pondweed -  natans L. Common Floating Pondweed -  obtusifolius Mert. & Koch Blunt-leaved Pondweed -  pectinatus L. Sago Pondweed. Fennel-leaved Pondweed -  perfoliatus L. Sago Clasping-leaved Pondweed -  praelongus Wulfen White-stemmed Pondweed -  pusillus L. Small Pondweed -  robbinsii Oakes Robbin's Pondweed -  spirillus Tuckerm. Sago Pondweed. Fennel-leaved Pondweed -  strictifolius Benn. -  vaginatus Turcz. Sheathed Pondweed -  zosteriformis Schum. Eelgrass Pondweed Ruppia occidentalis Watson Western Ditch-grass Zanichellia palustris L. Horned-Pondweed Zostera marina L. Eelgrass, Grass-wrack, Sea-wrack

NAJADACEAE (NAIAD FAMILY) Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt Slender Naiad

JUNCAGINACEAE (ARROW-GRASS FAMILY) Scheuchzeria palustris L. Triglochin maritima L. Seaside Arrow-grass -  palustris L. Marsh Arrow-grass

ALISMATACEAE (WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY) Alisma gramineum Gmel. Narrow-leaved Water-plantain -  plantago-aquatica L. Common Water-plantain Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon Arum-leaved Arrowhead -  latifolia Willd. Broad-leaved Arrowhead -  rigida Pursh Sessile-fruited Arrowhead

BUTOMACEAE (FLOWERING RUSH FAMILY) Butomus umbellatus L.

HYDROCHARITACEAE (FROG'S BIT FAMILY) Elodea canadensis Michx. Canada Waterweed Vallisneria americana Michx. Water-celery

GRAMINEAE (GRASS FAMILY) Agropyron pectiniforme R & S Crested Wheat Grass -  dasystachyum (Hook) Scribn. Northern Wheat Grass -  repens (L.) Beauv. Couch-grass. Quack-grass -  sibiricum (Willd.) Beauv. -  smithii Rydb. Western Wheatgrass -  trachycaulum (Link) Malte -  triticeum Gaertn. Annual Wheat Grass -  violaceum (Hornem.) Lange Purplish Wheat-grass Agrostis borealis Hartm. Northern Bent Grass -  hyemalis (Walt.) BSP. Hair Grass. Tickle Grass -  stolonifera L. Redtop Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. Short-awned Foxtail -  alpinus Sm. Alpine Foxtail -  pratensis L. Meadow Foxtail Andropogon gerardi Vitman Big Bluestem -  hallii Hack Sand Bluestem -  scoparius Michx. Little Bluestem Arctagrostis latifolia (R. Br.) Griseb. Arctophila fulva (Trin.) Rupr. Aristida longiseta Steud. Red Three-Awn Avena fatua L. Wild Oat -  sativa L. Oat Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern. Slough Grass Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. Side-Oats Grama -  gracilis (HBK.) Lag. Blue Grama Bromus canadensis Michx. -  ciliatus L. Fringed Brome -  inermis Leys. Awnless, Smooth or Hungarian Brome -  japonicus Thunb. Japanese Chess -  porteri (Coult.) Nash Porter's Chess -  pubescens Muhl. -  pumpellianus Scribn. Canada Brome -  purgans L. Canada Brome -  squarrosus L. Field Brome -  tectorum L. Downy Chess Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. Buffalo Grass Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Nutt. Marsh Reed Grass -  deschampsioides Trin. -  inexpansa Gray Northern Reed Grass -  lapponica (Wahl.) Hartm. -  montanensis Scribn. Plains Reed Grass -  neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb. Narrow Reed Grass -  purpurascens R. Br. Purple Reed Grass -  rubescens Buckl. Pine Reed Grass Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Scribn. Sand Grass Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. Brook Grass Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. Slenderwood Grass Dactylis glomerata L. Orchard Grass Danthonia intermedia Vasey Timber Oat Grass -  spicata (L.) Beauv. Poverty Oat Grass Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele Mountain Hair Grass -  caespitosa (L.) Beauv. Tufted Hair Grass Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl. Smooth Crabgrass -  sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Crabgrass Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb. Alkali-grass Dupontia fisheri R.Br. Fisher's Dupontia Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. Barnyard Grass Elymus canadensis L. Canada Wild Rye -  diversiglumis Scribn. & Ball Various-glumed Wild Rye -  glaucus Buckl. Smooth Wild Rye -  hystrix L. Bottle-brush Grass -  innovatus Beal Hairy Wild Rye -  junceus Fisch. Russian Wild Rye -  mollis Trin. Sea Lyme Grass, Strand-Wheat -  virginicus L. Virginia Wild Rye Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) BSP. Creeping Teal Love Grass -  megastachya (Koel.) Link Stink, Skunk, or Snake Grass Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Rosher Festuca altaica Trin. Northern Rough Fescue -  elatior L. Meadow Fescue -  obtusa Biehler Nodding Fescue -  ovina L. Sheep Fescue -  rubra L. Red Fescue Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batchelder Northern Manna Grass -  canadensis (Michx.) Trin. Rattlesnake Grass -  grandis Wats. Tall Manna Grass -  pulchella (Torr.) Trin. Graceful Manna Grass -  striata (Lam.) Hitchc. Fowl Manna Grass Helictotrichon hookeri (Scribn.) Henr. Hooker's Oat Grass Hierochloe alpina (Sw.) R. & S. Holy Grass -  odorata (L.) Beauv. Vanilla, Indian or Sweet Grass -  pauciflora R. Br. Arctic Holy Grass Hordeum jubatum L. Wild Barley Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. June Grass Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. Rice Cut Grass Lolium multiflorum Lam. Italian Rye Grass -  perenne L. Perennial Rye Grass or Common Darnel -  persicum Boiss. & Hohen Persian Darnel -  temulentum L. Darnel. Poison Darnel Milium effusum L. Millet Grass. Millet Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Mey.) Parodi Scratch Grass -  cuspidata (Nutt.) Rydb. Prairie Muhly -  glomerata (Willd.) Trin. Bog Muhly -  mexicana (L.) Trin. Wood Muhly -  racemosa (Michx.) BSP. Marsh Muhly -  richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb. Mat Muhly Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. White-Grained Mountain Rice Grass -  hymenoides (R. & S.) Ricker Silk Grass. Indian Rice Grass -  micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurb. Littleseed Rice Grass -  pungens (Torr.) Hitchc. Northern Rice Grass Panicum capillare L. Witch Grass -  depauperatum Muhl. Starved Panic-grass -  lanuginosum Ell. Soft Millet -  liebergii (Vasey) Scribn. Lieberg's Panic-grass -  linearifolium Scribn. Low-White-haired Panic-grass -  miliaceum L. Millet, Brown Millet -  oligosanthes Schultes Few-flowered Panic-grass -  perlongum Nash Long-stalked Panic-grass -  virgatum L. Switch Grass -  wilcoxianum Vasey Sand Millet -  xanthophysum Gray Slender Panic-grass Phalaris arundinacea L. Reed Canary Grass -  canariensis L. Birdseed or Canary Grass Phleum pratense L. Timothy Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin Common Reed Grass Poa alpina L. Alpine Blue Grass -  annua L. Annual Blue Grass -  arctica R. Br. Arctic Blue Grass -  arida Vasey Plains Blue Grass -  compressa L. Canada Blue Grass -  cusickii Vasey. Early Blue Grass -  fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey Mutton Grass -  glauca Vahl Glaucous Spear-grass -  nemoralis L. Wood Blue Grass -  nervosa (Hook.) Vasey Wheeler's Blue Grass -  palustris L. Fowl Blue Grass -  pratensis L. Kentucky Bluegrass Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Rabbit Foot Grass Puccinellia ambigua Soer. -  deschampsioides Sorensen -  distans (L.) Parl. Slender Salt-meadow Grass -  langeana (Berl.) Soer. -  lucida Fern. & Weath. -  nuttalliana (Schultes) Hitchc. Nuttall's Salt-meadow Grass -  phryganodes (Trin.) Scribn. & Merr. -  pumila Hitchc. -  vaginata (Lange) Fern. & Weath. Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. Tumble Grass Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen False Grass. Purple Oat Grass Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) Link. Sprangletop Secale cereale (L.) Rye Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. Yellow Foxtail -  verticillata (L.) Beauv. Foxtail Grass -  viridis (L.) Beauv. Green Foxtail. Bottle-Grass Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash Indian Grass Spartina gracilis Trin. Alkali Cord Grass -  pectinata Link Fresh-water or Prairie Cord Grass. Slough-Grass Sphenopholis intermedia Rydb. Slender Wedge Grass -  obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. Prairie Wedge Grass Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray Sand Dropseed -  heterolepis Gray Prairie Dropseed -  neglectus Nash Annual Dropseed Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Needle-and-thread, Spear Grass -  richardsonii Link Richardson Needle Grass -  spartea Trin. Western Porcupine Grass -  viridula Trin. Feather-bunchgrass. Green Needle Grass Toreyochloa pallida (Torr) Church R Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richter Spike Trisetum Triticum turgidum L. Wheat Zizania aquatica L. Annual Wild-Rice

CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) Carex adelostoma Krecz. -  adusta Boott Browned Sedge -  aenea Fern. Fernald's Hay Sedge -  alopecoidea Tuckerm. Foxtail Sedge -  amblyorhyncha Krecz. -  aquatilis Wahl. Water Sedge -  arcta Boott Narrow Sedge -  arctata Boott -  argyrantha Tuckerm. Silvery-flowered Sedge -  assiniboinensis Boott Assiniboia Sedge -  atherodes Spreng. Awned Sedge -  atrata L. Drooping Wood Sedge -  atratiformis Britt. Black Sedge -  atrofusca Schk. Dark-brown Sedge -  aurea Nutt. Golden Sedge -  backii Boott Back's Sedge -  bebbii Olney Bebb's Sedge -  bicknellii Britt. Bicknell's Sedge -  bicolor Bellardi Two-colored Sedge -  bigelowii Torr. Stiff Sedge -  brevior (Dew.) -  brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. Brownish Sedge -  buxbaumii Wahl. Brown Sedge -  canescens L. Silvery or Hoary Sedge -  capillaris L. Hair-like Sedge -  capitata L. Capitate Sedge -  castanea Wahl Chestnut Sedge -  cephalophora Muhl. Oval-headed Sedge -  chordorrhiza L.f. Prostrate Sedge -  communis Bailey Fibrous-rooted Sedge -  concinna R. Br. Beautiful Sedge -  convoluta Mack. -  crawei Dew. Crawe's Sedge -  crawfordii Fern. Crawford's Sedge -  crinita Lam. Long-haired Sedge -  cristatella Britt. -  cumulata (Bailey) Mack. -  deflexa Hornem. Bent Sedge -  deweyana Schwein. Dewey's Sedge -  diandra Schrank Two-stamened Sedge -  disperma Dew. Two-seeded Sedge -  douglasii Boott Douglas Sedge -  eburnea Boott Bristle-leaved Sedge -  filifolia Nutt. Thread-leaved Sedge -  flava L. Yellow Sedge -  garberi Fern. -  glacialis Mack. Glacier Sedge -  glareosa Wahl Weak-clustered Sedge -  gracillima Schwein. Slender Sedge -  granularis Muhl. Granular Sedge -  gravida Bailey Heavy Sedge -  gynocrates Wormskj. Northern Bog Sedge -  hallii Olney -  heleonastes Ehrh. Hudson Bay Sedge -  hookerana Dew. Hooker's Sedge -  houghtonii Torr. Sand Sedge -  hystricina Muhl. Porcupine Sedge -  interior Bailey Inland Sedge -  intumescens Rudge Swollen Sedge -  lachenalii Schkuhr.Arctic Hare's-foot -  lacustris Willd. Lakeshore Sedge -  laeviconica Dew. Smooth-fruited Sedge -  langeana Fern. -  lanuginosa Michx. Woolly Sedge -  lasiocarpa Ehrh. Hairy-fruited Sedge -  laxiflora Lam. Pleasing Sedge -  lenticularis Michx. Lens-fruited Sedge -  leptalea Wahl. Bristle-stalked Sedge -  limosa L. Mud Sedge -  livida (Wahl.) Willd. Livid Sedge -  loliacea L. Rye-grass Sedge -  mackenziei Krecz. Mackenzie Sedge -  macloviana d'Urv. Thick-spike Sedge -  maritima Gunn. Seaside Sedge -  meadii Dew. Mead's Sedge -  media R. Br. -  membranacea Hook. -  merritt-fernaldii Mack. -  microglochin Wahl. Short-awned Sedge -  misandra R. Br. Nodding Sedge -  molesta Mack -  muricata L. -  muskingumensis Schwein. Muskingum Sedge -  nigromarginata Schw. Black-margined Sedge -  normalis Mack. Larger Straw Sedge -  norvegica Retz. Norway Sedge -  obtusata Lilj. Blunt Sedge -  oligosperma Michx. Few-fruited Sedge -  paleacea Wahl. Chaffy Sedge -  parryana Dew. Parry's Sedge -  pauciflora Lightf. Few-flowerd Sedge -  paupercula Michx. Bog Sedge -  pedunculata Muhl. Stalked Sedge -  pensylvanica Lam. Sun-loving Sedge -  physocarpa Presl. -  praegracilis Boott Graceful Sedge -  prairea Dew. Prairie Sedge -  praticola Rydb. Northern Meadow Sedge -  projecta Mack. Necklace Sedge -  pseudo-cyperus L. Cyperus-like Sedge -  rariflora (Wahl.) Sm. Scant Sedge -  retrorsa Schwein. Turned Sedge -  richardsonii R. Br. Richardson's Sedge -  rosea Schk. Stellate Sedge -  rossii Boott Ross' Sedge -  rostrata Stokes Beaked Sedge -  rotundata Wahl. Round Sedge -  rufina Drej. Reddish Sedge -  rupestris All. Rock Sedge -  salina Wahl. Salt Sedge -  sartwellii Dew. Sartwell's Sedge -  saxatilis L. Rocky-ground Sedge -  scirpoidea Michx. Rush-like Sedge -  scoparia Schk. Broom Sedge -  siccata Dew. Hay Sedge -  sprengelii Dew. Sprengel's Sedge -  stenophylla Wahl. Low Sedge -  stipata Muhl. Awl-fruited Sedge -  stricta Lam. Erect Sedge -  subspathacea Wormsk. Hoppner's Sedge -  supina Wahl. Weak Sedge -  sychnocephala Carey Dense Long-beaked Sedge -  tenera Dew. -  tenuiflora Wahl. Thin-flowered Sedge -  tetanica Schkuhr Rigid Sedge -  tonsa (Fern.) Bickn. Bald Sedge -  torreyi Tuckerm. Torrey's Sedge -  trisperma Dew. Three-sided Sedge -  umbellata Schkuhr. Umbellate Sedge -  ursina Dewey Bear Sedge -  vaginata Tausch Sheathed Sedge -  vesicaria L. Blister Sedge -  viridula Michx. Green Sedge -  vulpinoidea Michx. Fox Sedge -  williamsii Britt. -  woodii Dew. -  xerantica Bailey White-scaled Sedge Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr. Twig Rush, Water Bog-rush Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Red-rooted Nut-grass -  houghtonii Torr. Houghton's Nut-grass -  inflexus Muhl. Awned Nut-grass -  schweinitzii Torr. Sand Nut-grass -  strigosus L. Straw-colored Nut-grass Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt. Three-way sedge Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. Needle Spike-rush -  compressa Sulliv. Flattened Spike-rush -  engelmannii Steud. Engelmann's Spike-rush -  erythropoda Steud. -  halophila Fern. & Brack -  obtusa (Willd.) Schultes Blunt Spike-rush -  palustris (L.) R. & S. Creeping Spike-rush -  smallii Britt. Small's Spike-rush -  tenuis (Willd.) Schultes Slender Spike-rush -  uniglumis (Link) Schultes One-glumed Spike-rush Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny Tall Cotton-grass -  brachyantherum Trautv. Close-sheathed Cotton-grass -  callitrix Cham. Beautiful Cotton-grass -  chamissonis Mey. Russet Cotton-grass -  gracile Koch Slender Cotton-grass -  russoleum Fries -  scheuchzeri Hoppe One-spike Cotton-grass -  spissum Fern. -  vaginatum L Sheathed Cotton-grass -  viridi-carinatum (Engelm.) Fern. Thin-leaved Cotton-grass Kobresia bellardii (All.) Degl. Bellard's Kobresia -  simpliciuscula (Wahl.) Mack. Simple Bog-sedge Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl White Beak-rush -  capillacea Torr. Slender Beak-rush -  capitellata (Michx.) Vahl Scirpus americanus Pers. Chair-maker's Rush. square Bulrush -  atrocinctus Fern -  atrovirens Willd. Green Bulrush -  caespitosus L. Tufted Bulrush -  cyperinus (L.) Kunth Wool-grass -  fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray River Bulrush -  hudsonianus (Michx.) Fern. Alpine Cotton-grass -  lacustris (Vahl.) Kern -  maritimus L. -  microcarpus Presl Small-fruited Bulrush -  nevadensis Wats. Nevada Bulrush -  rubrotinctus Fern. Small-fruited Bullrush -  rufus (Huds.) Schrad. Red Bulrush -  subterminalis Torr. Water Bullroot

ARACEAE (ARUM FAMILY) Acorus calamus L. Sweetflag. Flagroot Arisaema atrorubens (Ait.) Blume Jack-in-the-pulpit, Indian Turnip Calla palustris L. Water-Arum

LEMNACEAE (DUCKWEED FAMILY) Lemna minor L. Lesser Duckweed -  trisulca L. Star-Duckweed. Ivy-leaved Duckweed -  turionifera Landolt Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Water-flaxseed. Larger Duckweed Wolffia columbiana Karsten

ERIOCAULACEAE (PIPEWORT FAMILY) Eriocaulon septangulare With. White-buttons. Duckgrass

COMMELINACEAE (SPIDERWORT FAMILY) Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth Western Spiderwort

PONTEDERIACEAE (PICKEREL-WEED FAMILY) Heteranthera dubia (Jacq) MacM. Water Ster-grass

JUNCACEAE (RUSH FAMILY) Juncus alpinus Vill. Alpine Rush -  arcticus Willd. Arctic Rush -  balticus Willd. Baltic Rush -  biglumis L. Two-glumed Rush -  brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern. Short-tail Rush -  bufonius L. Toad Rush -  castaneus Sm. Chestnut Rush -  compressus Jacq. Flattened Rush -  dudleyi Wieg. Dudley's Rush -  filiformis L. Thread Rush -  gerardii Loisel. Black-grass -  interior Wieg. Inland Rush -  longistylis Torr. Long-styled Rush -  nodosus L. Knotted Rush -  stygius L. Moor Rush -  tenuis Willd. Slender Rush -  torreyi Coville Torrey's Rush -  triglumis L. Three-flowered Rush -  vaseyi Engelm. Big-head Rush Luzula acuminata Raf. -  confusa Lindb. Northern Wood-rush -  groenlandica Bocher Greenland Wood-rush -  multiflora (Retz.) Lejeune -  parviflora (Ehrh.) Desv. Small-flowered Wood-rush -  spadicea (All.) DC. -  spicata (L.) DC. Spiked Wood-rush

LILIACEAE (LILY FAMILY) Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion -  schoenoprasum L. Wild Chives -  stellatum Fraser Wild Onion. Pink-flowered Onion -  textile Nels. & Macbr. Prairie Onion -  tricoccum Ait. Wild Leek Asparagus officinalis L. Garden Asparagus Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf. Bluebead Lily Disporum trachycarpum (Wats.) B. & H. Fairybells Lilium philadelphicum L. Wood Lily Maianthemum canadense Desf. Two-leaved seal Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. Hairy Solomon's Seal Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. False Spikenard -  stellata (L.) Desf. Star-flowered Solomon's Seal -  trifolia (L.) Desf. Three-leaved Solomon's Seal Smilax herbacea L. Carrion Flower Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. White Mandarin. Clasping-leaved                                                     Twisted Stalk S. roseus Michx. Rose Mandarin Tofieldia glutinosa (Michx.) Pers. Sticky Asphodel -  pusilla (Michx.) Pers. Bog Asphodel Trillium cernuum L. Nodding Trillium. Nodding Wakerobin Uvularia sessilifolia L. Small Bellwort Zigadenus elegans Pursh White Camas. Smooth Camas

AMARYLLIDACEAE (AMARYLLIS FAMILY) Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville Common Stargrass. Yellow Stargrass

IRIDACEAE (IRIS FAMILY) Iris germanica L. German Iris -  pseudacorus L. Yellow Iris of Europe. Water Flag -  versicolor L. Blue Flag Sisyrinchium montanum Greene Common Blue-eyed Grass -  mucronatum Michx. Michauxe's Blue-eyed Grass

ORCHIDACEAE (ORCHID FAMILY) Arethusa bulbosa L. Swamp-pink. Dragon's-mouth Calopogon pulchellus (Salisb.) R. Br. Purple Grass-pink,                            Swamp-pink, Grass-pink Orchid Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes Calypso. Venus-slipper Coeloglossum viride Hartman Frog-orchis Corallorhiza maculata Raf. Large or Spotted Coralroot -  striata Lindl. Striped Coralroot -  trifida Chat. Early Coralroot Cypripedium acaule Ait. Stemless Lady's-slipper. Moccasin-flower -  arietinum R. Br. Ram's-head Lady's-slipper -  calceolus L. Yellow Lady's-slipper -  candidum Muhl. Small White Lady's-slipper -  passerinum Richards. Northern or Sparrow's-egg Lady's-slipper -  reginae Walt. Showy Lady's-Slipper Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. Lesser Rattlesnake-plantain -  tesselata Lodd. Loddiges' Rattlesnake-plantain Liparis loeselii (L.) Richard Yellow Twayblade Listera auriculata Wieg. Auricled Twayblade -  borealis Morong Northern Twayblade -  cordata (L.) R. Br. Heartleaf Twayblade Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. White Adder's-mouth -  paludosa (L.) Sw. Bog Adder's-mouth -  unifolia Michx. Green Adder's-mouth Orchis rotundifolia Banks Small or Round-leaved Orchis Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Hook. -  hookeri (Torr.) Lindl. -  hyperborea Lindley -  lacera (Michx.) G. Don -  obtusata Lindley -  orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl. -  praeclara Sheviak & Boles -  psycodes (L.) Lindley Small Purple-fringed Orchid Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker Pogonia. Beard-flower. Rose Pogonia Spiranthes lacera Raf. Northern Slender Lady's-tresses -  magnicamporum Sheviak Great Plains Lady's Tresses -  romanzoffiana Cham. Hooded Lady's-tresses

DICOTYLEDONS

SALICACEAE (WILLOW FAMILY) Populus alba L. White or Silver-leaved Poplar -  balsamifera L. Balsam Poplar -  deltoides Bartr. Eastern Cottonwood. Cottonwood -  grandidentata Michx. Large-toothed Aspen -  tremuloides Michx. Trembling Aspen. Aspen Poplar Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Cov. Alaska Willow -  alba L. White Willow -  amygdaloides Anderss Peach-leaved Willow -  arbusculoides Anderss. Shrubby Willow -  arbutifolia Pallas -  arctophila Cockerell Trailing Willow -  bebbiana Sarg. Bebb or Beaked Willow -  brachycarpa Nutt. Short-capsuled Willow -  calcicola Fern. & Wieg. Lime Willow -  candida Flugge Hoary Willow -  discolor Muhl Pussy Willow. Diamond Willow -  exigua Nutt. Sandbar-Willow -  farriae Ball -  fragilis L. Brittle Willow -  fuscescens Anderss. -  glauca L. Smooth Willow -  herbacea L. Dwarf Willow. Herb-like Willow -  humilis Marsh. Gray Willow -  lucida Muhl Shining Willow -  lutea Nutt. Yellow Willow -  maccalliana Rowlee Velvet-fruited Willow -  monticola Bebb. Mountain Willow -  myrtillifolia Anderss. Myrtle-leaved Willow -  pedicellaris Pursh Bog Willow -  pellita Anderss. Satin Willow -  petiolaris Sm. Basket Willow -  phylicifolia L. Tea-leaved Willow -  pyrifolia Anderss. Balsam Willow -  reticulata L. Snow Willow -  scouleriana Barratt Scouler Willow -  serissima (Bailey) Fern. Autumn Willow -  vestita Pursh Rock Willow

MYRICACEAE (WAX-MYRTLE FAMILY) Myrica gale L. Sweet Gale. Bog-myrtle

BETULACEAE (BIRCH FAMILY) Alnus crispa (Ait.) Green or Mountain Alder -  rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. Speckled Alder Betula glandulosa Michx. Dwarf Birch -  occidentalis Hook. River or Water Birch -  papyrifera Marsh. Canoe, White or Alaska Birch -  pendula Roth European Birch -  pumila L Swamp Birch Corylus americana Walt. American Hazelnut -  cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch Hop-hornbeam

FAGACEAE (BEECH FAMILY) Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur or Mossy-cup Oak

ULMACEAE (ELM FAMILY) Celtis occidentalis L. Hackberry. Nettle-tree Ulmus americana L. American or White Elm -  pumila L. Dwarf Elm

CANNABINACEAE (HEMP FAMILY) Cannabis sativa L. Marijuana. Hemp Humulus lupulus L. Common Hop

URTICACEAE (NETTLE FAMILY) Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. Wood Nettle Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. American Pellitory Urtica dioica L. Stinging Nettle -  urens L. Burning Nettle. Dog Nettle

SANTALACEAE (SANDALWOOD FAMILY) Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. Bastard Toadflax Geocaulon lividum (Richards.) Northern Comandra

LORANTHACEAE (MISTLETOE FAMILY) Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. Pine or American Mistletoe -  pusillum Peck Dwarf Mistletoe

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE (BIRTHWORT FAMILY) Asarum canadense L. Wild Ginger

POLYGONACEAE (BUCKWHEAT FAMILY) Eriogonum flavum Nutt. Yellow Eriogonum. Umbrellaplant Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib. Buckwheat -  tataricum (L.) Gaertn. India-wheat. Tartary Buckwheat Koenigia islandica L. Macounastrum Polygonum achorum Blake -  amphibium L. Water Smartweed. Swamp Persicaria -  arenastrum Jord. -  boreale (Lange) Small Northern Doorweed -  cilinode Michx. Fringed Black Bindweed. Bindweed -  coccineum Muhl. Water Smartweed -  convolvulus L. Black Bindweed. Wild Buckwheat -  cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese Knotweed. Fleece flower -  douglasii Greene Douglas Knotweed -  erectum L. Erect Knotweed -  hydropiper L. Common Smartweed. Water-pepper -  lapathifolium L. Willow-weed. Pale Persicaria -  pensylvanicum L Pinkweed -  persicaria L. Lady's-Thumb -  prolificum (Small) Robinson. Proliferous Knotweed -  punctatum Ell. Water Smartweed -  ramosissimum Michx. Bushy Knotweed -  sagittatum L. Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb -  scabrum Moench Green Smartweed -  scandens L. Climbing False Buckwheat -  viviparum L. Bistort. Alpine Bistort Rheum rhaponticum L. Rhubarb Rumex acetosella L. Sheep Sorrel -  acetosa L. Garden-Sorrel. Sour Dock -  arcticus Trautv. -  crispus L. Yellow Dock. Curled Dock -  maritimus L. Golden Dock -  longifolius DC. Long-leaved Dock -  occidentalis Wats. Western Dock -  orbiculatus Gray Water Dock. Great Water Dock -  pseudonatronatus Borbas -  salicifolius Weinm Narrow-leaved Dock -  stenophyllus Ledeb Narrow-leaved Field Dock -  venosus Pursh Winged, Sand or Veined Dock. Sour Greens

CHENOPODIACEAE (GOOSEFOOT FAMILY) Atriplex argentea Nutt. Saltbush. Silvery Atriplex -  glabriuscula Edmonston -  hortensis L. Garden Orach. Garden Atriplex -  nuttallii Wats. Moundscale. Nuttall's Atriplex -  patula L. Spearscale. Orache Axyris amaranthoides L. Russian Pigweed Chenopodium album L. Pigweed. Lamb's-Quarters -  berlandieri Moq.  -  capitatum (L.) Asch. Strawberry Blite -  fremontii Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot -  glaucum L. Oak-leaved Goosefoot. Saline Goosefoot -  hybridum L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot -  leptophyllum (Moq.) Wats. Narrow-leaved Goosefoot -  rubrum L. Coast-Blite. Red Goosefoot -  strictum Roth Corispermum hyssopifolium L. Bugseed -   nitidum Kit. Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. Winged Pigweed Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq. White Sage. Winter Sage. Winterfat Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Summer-cypress Monolepsis nuttalliana (R. & S.) Greene Poverty-weed Salicornia borealis Wolff & Jeffries -  europaea L. Slender or Jointed Glasswort -  rubra Nels. Samphire. Chickenclaws. Glasswort Salsola kali L. Russian Thistle Spinacia oleracea L. Spinach Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort Sea-Blite

AMARANTHACEAE (AMARANTH FAMILY) Amaranthus albus L. Tumbleweed -  graecizans L. Tumbleweed. Prostrate Amaranth -  hybridus L. Green Amaranth. Pigweed -  retroflexus L. Green Amaranth. Red-footed Pigweed -  spinosus L. Thorny Amaranth

NYCTAGINACEAE (FOUR-O'CLOCK FAMILY) Mirabilis hirsuta (Pursh) MacM. Hairy Umbrellawort -  nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. Heart-leaved Umbrellawort

AIZOACEAE (CARPETWEED FAMILY) Mollugo verticillata L. Carpetweed

PORTULACACEAE (PURSLANE FAMILY) Montia fontana L. Water-Blinks -  parvifolia (Moc.) Greene Portulaca oleracea L. Common Purslane. Purslane

CARYOPHYLLACEAE (PINK FAMILY) Agrostemma githago L. Purple Cockle Arenaria humifusa Wahl. -  lateriflora L. Grove-Sandwort. Blunt-leaved Sandwort -  macrophylla Hook Large-leaved Sandwort -  peploides L. Seabeach-Sandwort. Sea-purslane -  rossii R. Br. -  rubella (Wahl.) Sm. -  stricta Michx. Dawson Sandwort Cerastium alpinum L. Alpine Chickweed -  arcticum Lange -  arvense L. Field Chickweed -  nutans Raf. Long-stalked Chickweed -  tomentosum L. Dusty Miller. Snow-in-summer -  vulgatum L. Common Mouse-eared Chickweed Dianthus barbatus L. Sweet William -  deltoides L. Steppen Pink -  sylvestris Wulfen Wood Pink Gypsophila paniculata L. Baby's-breath Lychnis alba Mill. White Cockle -  apetala L. Nodding Cockle -  chalcedonia L. Scarlet Lychnis. Maltese-cross -  drummondii Wats. Drummond's Cockle -  furcata (Raf.) Fern. Mountain Cockle Sagina nivalis (Lindbl.) Fries -  nodosa (L.) Fenzl Pearlwort Saponaria officinalis L. Bouncing-Bet. Soapwort -  vaccaria L. Cow-Cockle Silene antirrhina L. Sleepy Catchfly -  cserei Baumg. Smooth Catchfly -  cucubalus Wibel Bladder-Campion -  menziesii Hook. Menzies Catchfly -  noctiflora L. Night-flowering Catchfly Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. Salt-marsh Sand Spurrey Stellaria calycantha (Ledeb.) Bongard Northern Stitchwort -  crassifolia Ehrh. Fleshy Stitchwort -  graminea L. Common Stitchwort -  humifusa Rottb. -  longifolia Muhl. Long-leaved Stitchwort -  longipes Goldie Long-stalked Stitchwort -  media (L.) Cyrillo Common Chickweed

CERATOPHYLLACEAE (HORNWORT FAMILY) Ceratophyllum demersum L. Hornwort

NYMPHAEACEAE (WATER-LILY FAMILY) Brasenia schreberi Gunel. Water-shield. Purple Wen-dock Nuphar microphyllum (Pers.) Fern. Small Pond-lily -  variegatum Engelm. Bullhead-lily. Yellow Pond-lily Nymphaea odorata Ait. Fragrant Water-lily -  tetragona Georgi Small Water-lily

RANUNCULACEAE (CROWFOOT FAMILY) Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. Red Baneberrry. Snakeberry. Adonis annua L. Pheasant's-eye Anemone canadensis L. Canada Anemone -  cylindrica Gray Thimbleweed. Long-fruited Anemone -  multifida Poir. Cut-leaved Anemone -   parviflora Michx. Small Wood Anemone -  patens L. Pasque-flower. Prairie-smoke. Crocus Anemone -  quinquefolia L. Wood-Anemone -  richardsonii Hook Yellow Anemone -  riparia Fern Thimbleweed Aquilegia brevistyla Hook. Small-flowered Columbine -  canadensis L. Wild Columbine Caltha natans Pall. Floating Marsh-marigold -  palustris L. Marsh-marigold Clematis dioscoreifolia Levl & Van -  ligusticifolia Nutt Western or White Virgin's-bower -  virginiana L. Virgin's-bower Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. Goldthread Delphinum ajacis L. Rocket-Larkspur -  virescens Nutt. Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker Myosurus minimus L. Least Mousetail Ranunculus acris L. Common or Tall Buttercup -  aquatilus L. White Water or Large-leaved Water Crowfoot -  abortivus L. Kidneyleaf Buttercup -  circinatus Sibth. -  cymbalaria Pursh Seaside Crowfoot. Seaside Buttercup -  fascicularis Muhl. Early Buttercup -  flabellaris Raf. Yellow Water Crowfoot -  gmelinii DC. Small Yellow Water Crowfoot -  hyperboreus Rottb. Boreal Buttercup -  lapponicus L. Lapland Buttercup -  macounii Britt. Macoun's Buttercup -  pallasii Schlecht. Pallas Buttercup -  pedatifidus Sm. Northern Buttercup -  pensylvanicus L. f. Bristly Crowfoot. Bristly Buttercup -  repens L. Creeping Buttercup -  reptans L. Creeping Spearwort -  rhomboideus Goldie Prairie Buttercup -  sceleratus L. Cursed Crowfoot. Buttercup -  septentrionalis Poir. Swamp Buttercup Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Lall. Tall or Purple Meadow-Rue -  revolutum DC. -  sparsiflorum Turcz. Few-flowered Meadow-Rue -  venulosum Trel. Veiny Meadow-Rue

BERBERIDACEAE (BARBERRY FAMILY) Berberis vulgaris L. Common Barberry Caulophylllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. Papoose-root. Blue Cohosh

MENISPERMACEAE (MOONSEED FAMILY) Menispermum canadense L. Yellow Parilla

PAPAVERACEAE (POPPY FAMILY) Argemone mexicana L. Mexican Prickly or Thorn Poppy Eschscholzia californica Cham. California Poppy Papaver rhoeas L. Corn Poppy -  somniferum L. Common Poppy. Opium Poppy Sanguinaria canadensis L. Blood-root. Sand-dragon. Sanguinaire.                                                   Red Puccoon

FUMARIACEAE (FUMITORY FAMILY) Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene Climbing Fumitory. Mountain-fringe Corydalis aurea Willd. Golden Corydalis -  sempervirens (L.) Pers. Pink or Pale Corydalis. Rock Harlequin Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. Dutchman's-breeches Fumaria officinalis L. Common Fumitory. Earth-smoke

CAPPARIDACEAE (CAPER FAMILY) Cleome serrulata Pursh Stinking-clover. Spiderflower. Pink Cleome Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. Clammyweed

CRUCIFERAE (MUSTARD FAMILY) Alyssum desertorum Stapf Arabidopsis salsuginea (Pall.) Busch Arabis alpina L. Alpine Rock-grass. Snow Drift -  arenicola (Richards.) Gelert Arctic Rock Cress -  divaricarpa Nels. Purple Rock Cress -  drummondii Gray Drummond's Rock Cress -  glabra (L.) Bernh. Tower Mustard -  hirsuta (L.) Scop. Hirsute Rock Cress -  holboellii Hornem Holboell's Rock Cress -  lyrata L. Lyre-leaved Rock Cress Armoracia rusticana (Lam.) Gaertn., Mey., & Scherb. Horse-radish Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb. Winter Cress. American Winter Cress -  vulgaris R.Br. Yellow-Rocket. Common Cress Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Hoary Alyssum Brassica hirta Moench White Mustard -  juncea (L.) Coss. Indian, Chinese or Leaf-Mustard -  kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler Charlock. Wild Mustard -  napus L. Turnip. Winter Rape -  rapa L. Bird's Rape Braya humilis (C.A. Meyer) Robinson Camelina microcarpa Andrz. Small-seeded False Flax -  parodii Ibarra & La Porte -  sativa (L.) Crantz False Flax Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Shepherd's-purse Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP Spring Cress -  parviflora L. Small Bitter Cress -  pensylvanica Muhl. Bitter Cress -  pratensis L. Cuckoo-flower. Meadow Bitter Cress Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. Hoary Cress. Heart-podded Hoary Cress -  pubescens (Mey.) Whitetop. Globe-podded Hoary Cress Cochlearia officinalis L. Scurvy-grass Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. Hare's-ear Mustard] Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. Short-fruited Tansy Mustard -  richardsonii (Sweet) O.E. Schulz Gray Tansy Mustard -  sophia (L.) Webb Flixweed -  sophioides (Fisch.) Northern Flixweed Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. Wall- or Sand- rocket. Mustard. Stinkweed Draba alpina L. Alpine Whitlow-grass -  aurea Vahl. Golden Whitlow-grass -  cinerea Adams -  fladnizensis Wulf. -  glabella Pursh -  incana L. -  nemorosa L. Yellow Whitlow-grass -  nivalis Liljebl. Yellow Arctic Whitlow-grass -  reptans (Lam.) Fern. Creeping Whitlow-grass Eruca sativa Mill. Garden-Rocket Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz Dog Mustard Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. Western Wallflower. Prairie-Rocket -  cheiranthoides L. Wormseed Mustard -  inconspicuum (Wats.) MacM. Small-flowered Prairie-Rocket Eutrema edwardsii R.Br. Hesperis matronalis L. Dame's-Violet Hutchinsia procumbens (L.) Desv. Prostrate Hutchinsia Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. Common Pepper-grass -  ramosissimum Nels. Branched Pepper-grass -  ruderale L. Roadside Pepper-grass -  sativum L. Garden Cress Lesquerella arctica (Wormskj.) Wats. Northern Bladderpod -  ludoviciana (Nutt.) Wats. Sand Bladderpod Lunaria annua L. Honesty Nasturtium officinale R.Br. True Watercress Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. Ball Mustard Raphanus sativus L. Radish Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Bess. Austrian Field Cress. Austrian Cress -  islandica (Oeder) Borbas Marsh Yellow Cress -  sylvestris (L.) Bess. Creeping Yellow Cress Sisymbrium altissimum L. Tumbling Mustard -  loeselii L. Tall Hedge Mustard -  officinale (L.) Scop. Hedge Mustard Subularia aquatica L. Water Awl-wort Thlaspi arvense L. Frenchweed. Field Pennycress. Stinkweed

RESEDACEAE (MIGNONETTE FAMILY) Reseda alba L. White or White Cut-leaved Mignonette -  lutea L. Yellow or Yellow Cut-leaved Mignonette.

SARRACENIACEAE (PITCHER-PLANT FAMILY) Sarracenia purpurea L. Pitcher Plant

DROSERACEAE (SUNDEW FAMILY) Drosera anglica Huds. Oblong-leaved Sundew -  linearis Goldie Slender-leaved Sundew -  rotundifolia L. Round-leaved Sundew

CRASSULACEAE (ORPINE FAMILY) Penthorum sedoides L. Ditch-Stonecrop Sedum acre L. Mossy Stonecrop. Wallpepper. Mountain Moss -  hybridum L. -  telephium L. Stonecrop

SAXIFRAGACEAE (SAXIFRAGE FAMILY) Chrysosplenium alternifolium L. Golden Saxifrage Heuchera richardsonii R. Br. Alumroot Mitella nuda L. Mitrewort. Bishop's-cap Parnassia glauca Raf. Glaucous grass-of-Parnassus -  kotzebuei Cham. Small grass-of-Parnassus -  palustris L. Northern grass-of-Parnassus -  parviflora DC. Ribes americanum Mill. Wild Black Currant -  diacanthum Pallas Siberian Current -  glandulosum Grauer Skunk Currant. Skunkberry -  hudsonianum Richards. Northern Black Currant -  lacustre (Pers.) Poir. Bristly Black Currant. Swamp Gooseberry -  oxyacanthoides L. Northern or Canada Gooseberry -  sylvestre (Lam.) Mert. & Koch European Red Currant -  triste Pall. Red Currant Saxifraga aizoides L. Yellow Mountain Saxifrage -  caespitosa L. -  cernua L. Nodding or Drooping Bulbous Saxifrage -  hirculus L. -  oppositifolia L. Purple Mountain-Saxifrage. Red-flowered Saxifrage -  pensylvanica L. Swamp-Saxfrage. Wild-beet. Marsh Saxifrage -  rivularis L. Alpine Brook Saxifrage -  tricuspidata Rottb. Three-toothed Saxifrage -  irginiensis Michx. Early Saxifrage

ROSACEAE (ROSE FAMILY) Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony -  striata Michx. Agrimony Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Saskatoon-berry. Saskatoon -  mucronata Nielson -  sanguinea (Pursh) DC. Round-leaved June-berry -  wiegandii Nutt. Chamaerhodos erecta (L.) Bunge Chamaerhodos Cotoneaster acutifolia Turcz. Cotoneaster -  melanocarpa Lodd. Cotoneaster Crataegus rotundifolia Moench Round-leaved Hawthorn -  succulenta Link Long-spined Hawthorn Dryas integrifolia Vahl White Mountain-avens Fragaria vesca L. American Wild or Woodland Strawberry -  virginiana Duchesne Smooth Wild Strawberry Geum aleppicum Jacq. Yellow Avens -  macrophyllum Willd. Large-leaved Avens -  rivale L. Water Avens. Purple Avens -  triflorum Pursh Three-flowered Avens. Torchflower. Prairie Smoke Potentilla anserina L. Silverweed -  argentea L. Silvery Cinquefoil -  arguta Pursh White or Tall Cinquefoil -  concinna Richardson Early Cinquefoil -  egedii Wormskj. -  finitima Kohli & Packer -  fruticosa L. Shrubby Cinquefoil -  gracilis Dougl. Graceful Cinquefoil -  hippiana Lehm. Woolly Cinquefoil -  hyparctica Malte -  multifida L. Branched Cinquefoil -  nivea L. Snow Cinquefoil -  norvegica L. Rough Cinquefoil -  palustris (L.) Scop. Marsh Five-finger. Marsh Cinquefoil -  paradoxa Nutt. Bushy Cinquefoil -  pensylvanica L. Prairie Cinquefoil -  plattensis Nutt. Low Cinquefoil -  pulchella R. Br. -  recta L. Rough-fruited Cinquefoil -  rivalis Nutt. Brook Cinquefoil -  tridentata Ait. Three-toothed Cinquefoil Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum -  nigra Ait. Canada Plum -  pensylvanica L.f. Pin Cherry -  pumila L. Sand Cherry. Low Sand Cherry -  virginiana L. Choke Cherry. Red fruited Choke Cherry Pyrus malus L. Apple Rosa acicularis Lindl. Prickly Rose -  arkansana Porter Low Prairie Rose -  blanda Ait. Smooth Rose -  woodsii Lindl. Wood's Rose Rubus acaulis Michx. Stemless Raspberry -  chamaemorus L. Baked-apple-berry. Cloudberry -  idaeus L. Raspberry. Wild Red Raspberry -  paracaulis Bailey, -  pubescens Raf. Dewberry Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid Mountain-Ash Spiraea alba Du Roi Meadowsweet. Narrow-leaved Meadowsweet

LEGUMINOSAE (PULSE FAMILY) Amorpha canescens Pursh Leadplant -  fruticosa L. False Indigo -  nana Nutt. Fragrant False Indigo. Dwarf False Indigo Amphicarpa bracteata (L.) Fern. Hog-Peanut Anthyllis vulneraria L. Astragalus aboriginum Richardson Indian Milkvetch -  adsurgens Pallas Ascending Milkvetch -  agrestis Dougl. -  alpinus L. Alpine Milkvetch -  americanus (Hook.) M.E. Jones -  bisulcatus (Hook.) Gray Two-grooved Milkvetch -  bodinii Sheldon -  canadensis L. Canadian Milkvetch -  cicer L. Cicer Milkvetch -  crassicarpus Nutt. Ground-plum -  eucosmus Robins. Pretty Milkvetch -  flexuosus Dougl. Slender or Low Milkvetch -  gilviflorus Sheldon Cushion Milkvetch -  lotiflorus Hook. Low Milkvetch -  missouriensis Nutt. Missouri Milkvetch -  neglectus (T. & G.) Sheldon -  pectinatus Dougl. Narrow-leaved Milkvetch -  tenellus Pursh Loose-flowered Milkvetch Caragana arborescens Lam. Siberian Pea-shrub. Common Caragana Cicer arietinum L. Chick-pea Coronilla varia L. Field Crown-Vetch Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. Beggar's-lice Glycyrrhiza lepidota (Nutt.) Pursh Wild Licorice Hedysarum alpinum L. -  boreale Nutt. Northern Hedysarum Lathyrus japonicus Willd. Beach-Pea -  ochroleucus Hook. Pale Vetchling. Cream-colored Vetchling -  palustris L. Vetchling. Marsh Vetchling -  tuberosus L. Tuberous Vetchling -  venosus Muhl. Wild Peavine Lotus corniculatus (L.) Bird's-foot-Trefoil -  purshianus (Benth.) Clem. & Clem. Prairie-Trefoil Medicago falcata L. Yellow Lucerne -  lupulina L. Black Medick -  sativa L. Alfalfa. Lucerne Melilotus alba Desr. White Sweet Clover -  indica (L.) All. Annual Yellow Sweet Clover. Yellow Sweet Clover -  officinalis (L.) Pallas Yellow Sweet Clover Onobrychis viciifolia Scop Sainfoin. Holy Clover Oxytropis arctica R.Br. Arctic Oxytrope -  campestris (L.) DC. Late Yellow Locoweed -  deflexa (Pall.) DC. Reflexed Locoweed -  lambertii Pursh Purple Locoweed -  leucantha (Pall.) Pers -  sericea Nutt. Early Yellow Locoweed -  splendens Dougl. Showy Locoweed Petalostemum candidum (Willd.) Michx. White Clover -  purpureum (Vent.) Rydb. Purple Prairie-Clover -  villosum Nutt. Silky Prairie-Clover Psoralea argophylla Pursh Silverleaf Psoralea. Silverweed -  esculenta Pursh Breadroot. Indian Breadroot Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt.) Richards. Golden Bean Trifolium hybridum L. Alsike Clover -  pratense L. Red Clover -  procumbens L. Low Hop-clover -  repens L. White Clover Trigonella caerulea (L.) Ser. Vicia americana Muhl. Common Vetch -  cracca L. Tufted Vetch. Canada-pea -  sativa L. Spring-Vetch. Vetch -  villosa Roth Hairy Vetch. Winter Vetch

LINACEAE (FLAX FAMILY) Linum perenne Pursh Blue Flax -  perenne L. Perennial Flax -  rigidum Pursh Yellow Flax. Large-flowered Yellow Flax -  sulcatum Riddell Yellow Flax. Grooved Yellow Flax -  usitatissimum L. Common Blue Flax

OXALIDACEAE (WOOD-SORREL FAMILY) Oxalis dillenii Jacq. -  stricta L. Yellow Wood-sorrel

GERANIACEAE (GERANIUM FAMILY) Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. Alfilaria. Filaria. Clover Geranium bicknellii Britt. Bicknell's Geranium -  carolinianum L. Carolina Wild Geranium -  pratense L. Meadow Geranium -  pusillum L. Small-flowered Crane's-bill

POLYGALACEAE (MILKWORT FAMILY) Polygala paucifolia Willd. Fringed Polygala. Fringed Milkwort -  senega L. Seneca Snakeroot -  verticillata L. Whorled Milkwort

EUPHORBIACEAE (SPURGE FAMILY) Euphorbia cyparissias L. Cypress Spurge -  esula L. Leafy Spurge. Wolf's-milk -  geyeri Engelm. Prostrate Spurge -  glyptosperma Engelm. Ridge-seeded Spurge -  marginata Pursh Snow-on-the-mountain -  peplus L. Petty Spurge -  serpyllifolia Pers. Thyme-leaved Spurge

CALLITRICHACEAE (WATER-STARWORT FAMILY) Callitriche anceps Fern. Vernal Water-starwort -  hermaphroditica L. Northern Water-starwort -  heterophylla Pursh Larger Water-starwort -  verna L. Vernal Water-starwort

EMPETRACEAE (CROWBERRY FAMILY) Empetrum nigrum L. Black Crowberry. Curlewberry

ANACARDIACEAE (CASHEW FAMILY) Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac -  radicans L. Poison-Ivy

CELASTRACEAE (STAFF-TREE FAMILY) Celastrus scandens L. Climbing Bittersweet. Bittersweet

ACERACEAE (MAPLE FAMILY) Acer negundo L. Manitoba Maple Box Elder. Ash-leaf Maple -  spicatum Lam. White or Mountain Maple

BALSAMINACEAE (TOUCH-ME-NOT-FAMILY) Impatiens capensis Meerb. Spotted Touch-me-not. Jewelweed. Snapweed -  noli-tangere L. Western Jewelweed

RHAMNACEAE (BUCKTHORN FAMILY) Ceanothus herbaceus Raf Redroot. New Jersey Tea Rhamnus alnifolia L'Her. Alder-leaved Buckthorn -  cathartica L. Common Buckthorn. Buckthorn -  frangula L. Alder-Buckthorn. Black Alder

VITACEAE (VINE FAMILY) Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Virginia Creeper -  inserta (Kerner) K. Fritsch Large-toothed Virginia Creeper Vitis riparia Michx. Riverbank Grape

TILIACEAE (LINDEN FAMILY) Tilia americana L. Basswood. Whitewood

MALVACEAE (MALLOW FAMILY) Abutilon theophrasti Medic. Velvet-leaf Althaea rosea Cav. Hollyhock Hibiscus trionum L. Flower-of-an-hour Lavatera thuringiaca L. Malva moschata L. Musk Mallow -  neglecta Wallr. Common Mallow -  pusila Sm. Low, Dwarf or Running Mallow -  verticillata L. Curled Mallow Sphaeralcea coccinea (Pursh) Rydb. Scarlet Mallow

HYPERICACEAE (ST. JOHN'S-WORT FAMILY) Hypericum canadense L. Canada St. John's-wort -  majus (Gray) Britt. Large Canada St. John's-wort -  mutilum L. Dwarf, Small-flowered or Slender St. John's-wort -  virginicum L. Marsh St. John's-wort

ELATINACEAE (WATERWORT FAMILY) Elatine triandra Schkuhr Mud-purslane

CISTACEAE (ROCKROSE FAMILY) Helianthemum bicknellii Fern. Frostweed Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt. Beach-heath. False Heather. Sand Heather Lechea intermedia Leggett Pinweed

VIOLACEAE (VIOLET FAMILY) Viola adunca Sm. Early Blue Violet -  arvensis Murr. Wild Pansy -  blanda Willd. Sweet White Violet -  canadensis L. Canada Violet -  conspersa Reichenb. American Dog Violet -  epipsila Ledeb. -  eriocarpa Schwein Smooth Yellow Violet -  macloskeyi Lloyd -  nephrophylla Greene Northern Bog Violet -  novae-angliae House New England Blue Violet -  nuttallii Pursh Yellow Prairie-Violet -  palustris L. Alpine Marsh or Marsh Violet -  pedatifida G. Don Larkspur, Purple Prairie or Crowfoot Violet -  pubescens Ait. Downy Yellow Violet -  renifolia Gray Kidney-shaped Violet -  selkirkii Pursh Long-spurred Violet -  sororia Willd. Wooly Blue Violet -  tricolor L. Pansy. Lady's Delight

LOASACEAE (LOASA FAMILY) Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh) Urban & Gilg Stickleaf. Gumbo-Lily.                                                     Eveningstar

CACTACEAE (CACTUS FAMILY) Coryphantha vivipara (Nutt.) Britt. & Brown Pincushion Cactus Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Brittle Prickly-pear

ELEAGNACEAE (OLEASTER FAMILY) Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Russian Olive. Oleaster -  commutata Bernh. Silverberry. Wolf-willow Shepherdia argentea Nutt. Buffaloberry -  canadensis (L.) Nutt. Soapberry. Canada Buffaloberry

LYTHRACEAE (LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY) Lythrum salicaria L. Purple or Spiked Loosestrife

ONAGRACEAE (EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY) Circaea alpina L. Small Enchanter's-nightshade -  quadrisulcata (Max.) Frank. & Sav. Large Enchanter's-nightshade Epilobium angustifolium L. Fireweed. Great Willowherb -  latifolium L. River-beauty. Broad-leaved Fireweed -  leptophyllum Raf. -  palustre L. Marsh Willow-Herb -  paniculatum Nutt. Annual Willow-herb -  watsonii Barbey Northern Willow-herb Gaura coccinea Pursh Scarlet Gaura Oenothera biennis L. Evening-Primrose. Yellow Evening-Primrose -  nuttallii Sweet White Evening-Primrose -  parviflora L. Evening-Primrose -  perennis L. Sundrops -  serrulata Nutt.

HALORAGACEAE (WATER-MILFOIL FAMILY) Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC. Water-milfoil -  spicatum L. Spiked Water-milfoil

HIPPURIDACEAE (MARE'S-TAIL FAMILY) Hippuris tetraphylla L.f. Four-leaved Mare's-tail -  vulgaris L. Mare's-tail

ARALIACEAE (GINSENG FAMILY) Aralia hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla -  nudicaulis L. Wild Sarasparilla -  racemosa L. Spikenard

UMBELLIFERAE (PARSLEY FAMILY) Aegopodium podagraria L. Goutweed Anethum graveolens L. Dillseed. Dill Carum carvi L. Caraway. Anis Cicuta bulbifera L. Bulb-bearing Water-hemlock -  mackenzieana Raup Water-hemlock -  maculata L. Spotted Cowbane. Musquash-root. Water-hemlock Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Wild Chevril. Honewort Cymopteris acaulis (Pursh) Raf. Plains Cymopteris Daucus carota L. Wild Carrot. Queen Anne's-lace Heracleum lanatum Michx. Cow-parsnip Lomatium foeniculaceum (Nutt.) C. & R. -  macrocarpum (H. & A.) C.& R. Long-fruited Parsley -  orientale C. & R. White-flowered Parsley Musineon divaricatum (Pursh) Nutt. Leafy Musineon Osmorrhiza claytonia (Michx.) Clarke Wooly or Hairy Sweet-cicely -  depauperata Phil. -  longistylis (Torr.) DC. Anise-root Pastinaca sativa L. Parsnip. Wild Parsnip Sanicula marilandica L. Snakeroot Sium suave Walt. Water-parsnip Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. Heart-leaved Alexanders -  aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch Golden Alexanders

CORNACEAE (DOGWOOD FAMILY) Cornus alternifolia L.f. Green Osier. Pagoda or Alternate-leaved Dogwood -  canadensis L. Bunchberry -  racemosa Lam. Panicled or Gray Dogwood -  rugosa Lam. Round-leaved or Spotted Dogwood -  stolonifera Michx. Red Osier

PYROLACEAE (WINTERGREEN FAMILY) Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Bart. Prince's-pine. Pipsissewa Hypopitys monotropa Crantz Pinesap. False Beech-drops Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray One-flowered pyrola. One-flowered Pyrola Monotropa uniflora L. Indian-pipe Pyrola asarifolia Michx. Pink Pyrola. Wintergreen -  elliptica Nutt. Shinleaf. Common Shinleaf -  grandiflora Radius Arctic Pyrola. Wintergreen -  minor L. Lesser Wintergreen -  rotundifolia L. Common Wintergreen -  secunda L. One-sided Pyrola. One-sided Wintergreen -  virens Schweigg. Greenish-flowered Wintergreen

ERICACEAE (HEATH FAMILY) Andromeda glaucophylla Link Bog-Rosemary -  polifolia L. Wild Rosemary, Marsh Holy Rose Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry -  rubra (Rehd. & Wils.) Fern. -  uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Common Bearberry. Bearberry Cassiope tetragona (L.) D.Don White Mountain- or Arctic White Heather Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench Leatherleaf. Cassandra Epigaea repens L. Mayflower. Trailing Arbutus Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Bigel. Creeping Snowberry -  procumbens L. Teaberry. Checkerberry Kalmia polifolia Wang. Pale-, Swamp- or Bog-Laurel Ledum groenlandicum Oeder Trapper's-tea -  palustre L. Labrador-tea Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv. Alpine Azalea Oxycoccus microcarpus Turcz. Small Cranberry -  quadripetalus Gilib. Small Cranberry Phyllodoce caerulea (L.) Bab. Purple Mountain-Heather Rhododendron lapponicum (L.) Wahl. Lapland Rose-bay Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. Low Sweet-Blueberry. Blueberry -  caespitosum Michx. Dwarf Bilberry -  myrtilloides Michx. Sour-top-Blueberry. Velvet-leaf-Blueberry -  uliginosum L. Alpine Bilberry. Bog Whortleberry -  vitis-idaea L. Rock- or Dry-ground Cranberry

DIAPENSIACEAE (DIAPENSIA FAMILY) Diapensia lapponica L. Northern Diapensia

PRIMULACEAE (PRIMROSE FAMILY) Androsace occidentalis Pursh Western Pygmyflower -  septentrionalis L. Pygmyflower Dodecatheon pauciflorum (Durand.) Greene Shooting-star Glaux maritima L. Sea-milkwort. Saltwort Lysimachia terrestris (L.) BSP. Yellow Loosestrife. Swamp-candles -  thyrsiflora L Tufted Loosestrife Primula egaliksensis Wormsk. Greenland Primrose -  incana Jones Mealy Primrose -  mistassinica Michx. Bird's-eye-Primrose. Dwarf Primrose -  stricta Hornem. Erect Primrose Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf. Fringed Loosestrife -  hybridum (Michx.) Raf. Lance-leaved Loosestrife -  quadrifolium (Sims) Hitchc. Whorled Loosestrife Trientalis borealis Raf. Starflower. Northern Starflower

PLUMBAGINACEAE OR PLUMBAGO FAMILY) Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd.

OLEACEAE (OLIVE FAMILY) Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash -  pennsylvanica Marsh. Red Ash

GENTIANACEAE (GENTIAN FAMILY) Gentiana affinis Griseb. Oblong-leaved Gentian -  andrewsii Griseb. Closed Gentian -  linearis Froel. Closed or Closed Marsh Gentian -  puberulenta Pringle Downy Gentian Gentianella amarella (L.) Borner Felwort. Northern Gentian -  crinita (Froel.) Don Fringed Gentian -  propinqua (Richards) Gillett Felwort Halenia deflexa (Sm.) Griseb. Spurred Gentian Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries Marsh Felwort Menyanthes trifoliata L. Buckbean. Bogbean

APOCYNACEAE (DOGBANE FAMILY) Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane -  cannabinum L. Indian-hemp

ASCLEPIADACEAE (MILKWEED FAMILY) Asclepias incarnata L. Swamp Milkweed -  lanuginosa (Nutt.) Torr. Hairy Milkweed -  ovalifolia Dcne. Dwarf Milkweed -  speciosa Torr. Showy Milkweed -  syriaca L. Common or Silky Milkweed -  verticillata L. Whorled Milkweed -  viridiflora Raf. Green Milkweed

CONVOLVULACEAE (CONVOLVULUS FAMILY) Convolvulus arvensis L. Field Bindweed. Cornbine -  sepium L. Hedge Bindweed. Wild Morning-glory Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. -  coryli Engelm. -  gronovii Willd. Common Dodder -  pentagona Engelm. -  umbrosa Beyrich

POLEMONIACEAE (POLEMONIUM FAMILY) Collomia linearis Nutt. Narrow-leaved Collomia Phlox hoodii Richards. Moss Pink

HYDROPHYLLACEAE (WATERLEAF FAMILY) Ellisia nyctelea L. Waterpod Hydrophyllum virginianum L. John's-Cabbage Phacelia franklinii (R. Br.) Gray Franklin's Scorpionweed -  tanacetifolia Benth. Fiddle-neck. Tansy Scorpionweed

BORAGINACEAE (BORAGE FAMILY) Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) Nels. & Macbr. Fiddle-neck Asperugo procumbens L. German Madwort Borago officinalis L. Borage. Oxtongue Cynoglossum boreale Fern. Northern Wild Comfrey. Wild Comfrey -  officinale L. Common Hound's-tongue Echium lycopsis L. Purple Viper's Bugloss -  vulgare L. Blueweed. Blue Devil. Viper's Bugloss Hackelia deflexa (Wahl.) Opiz Beggar's Lice -  floribunda (Lehm.) Johnston Heliotropium curassavicum L. Spatulate-leaved or Seaside Leave Heliotrope Lappula myosotis Moench European Stickseed -  redowskii (Hornem.) Greene Lithospermum arvense L. Corn Gromwell -  canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Puccoon. Indian-paint. Hoary Puccoon -  incisum Lehm. Narrow-leaved Puccoon -  officinale L. Common Gromwell. Gromwell Lycopsis arvensis L. Bugloss. Small Bugloss Mertensia  lanceolata (Pursch) A. DC. Tall Lungwort -  maritima (L.) S.F. Gray Oysterleaf. Seaside Lungwort -  paniculata (Ait.) G. Don Tall Lungwort Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill Field Forget-me-not -  scorpioides L. Marsh Forget-me-not Onosmodium molle Michx Marble-seed. False or Western False Gromwell Plagiobothrys scouleri (H. & A.) Johnston Scouler's Allocarya Symphytum asperum Lepechin Prickly Comfrey. Rough Comfrey

VERBENACEAE (VERVAIN FAMILY) Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. Bracted Vervain -  hastata L. Blue Vervain

LABIATAE (MINT FAMILY) Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Ktze. Giant or Blue Giant Hyssop Dracocephalum formosius (Lunell) Rydb. Purple or Western Lion's Heart -  nuttalli Britt. -  virginianum L.Dragon-head, Lion's Heart Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hylander Galeopsis tetrahit L. Common Hemp-nettle. Hemp-nettle Glechoma hederacea L. Gill-over-the-ground. ivy Hedeoma hispida Pursh Rough Pennyroyal Lamium album L. Snowflake. White Dead-nettle -  amplexicaule L. Henbit Leonurus cardiaca L. Common Motherwort. Motherwort -  sibiricus L. Siberian Motherwort Lycopus americanus Muhl. Water-horehound -  asper Greene Western Water-horehound -  uniflorus Michx. Northern Bugle-weed Melissa officinalis L. Common or Honey Balm Mentha arvensis L. Common Mint. Field Mint -  spicata L. Spearmint Moldavica parviflora (Nutt.) Britt. American Dragon-head -  thymiflora (L.) Rydb. Monarda fistulosa L. Wild Bergamot Nepeta cataria L. Catnip Prunella virgianum (L.) Durand & Jackson Selfheal -  vulgaris L. Heal-all. Carpenter-weed Salvia reflexa Hornem. Lance-leaved Sage -  sylvestris L. Scutellaria epilobiifolia Hamilton Common Skullcap -  lateriflora L Mad-dog Skullcap. Blue Skullcap Stachys palustris L. Woundwort. Marsh Hedge-nettle -  tenuifolia Willd. Smooth Hedge Nettle Teucrium occidentale Gray Hairy Germander

SOLANACEAE (NIGHTSHADE FAMILY) Hyoscyamus niger L. Black Henbane Physalis alkekengi L. Chinese Lantern Plant. Winter-cherry -  grandiflora Hook  Large White-flowered Ground-cherry -  heterophylla Nees Yellow Ground-cherry -  ixocarpa Brotero Tomatillo -  pubescens L. Small Yellow Ground-cherry -  virginiana Mill. Prairie Ground-cherry Solanum  americanum Mill. Black Nightshade -  dulcamara L. Bittersweet. Nightshade -  rostratum Dunal Buffalo-bur -  sarrachoides Sendtner -  triflorum Nutt. Wild Tomato -  tuberosum L. Potato

SCROPHULARIACEAE (FIGWORT FAMILY) Bartsia alpina L. Velvet Bells. Alpine Bartsia Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Scarlet Painted-cup. Scarlet Paintbrush -  miniata Dougl. Red Indian Paintbrush -  pallida (L.) Spreng. Labrador Paintbrush -  raupii Pennell Purple Paintbrush -  sessiliflora Pursh. Downy Painted-cup. Downy Paintbrush Chaenorrhinum minus (L.) Lange Dwarf Snapdragon Chelone glabra L. Turtlehead. Balmony Collinsia parviflora Dougl. Blue-eyed Mary Euphrasia arctica Lange Northern Eyebright -  hudsoniana Fern. & Wieg. Gerardia aspera Dougl. Rough Purple Agalinis -  purpurea L. Large Purple Agalinis -  tenuifolia Vahl Slender Agalinis Gratiola neglecta Torr. Clammy Hedge-hyssop Limosella aquatica L. Madwort Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. -  vulgaris Hill Butter-and-eggs. Common or Yellow Toadflax Melampyrum lineare Desr. Cow-wheat Mimulus glabratus HBK. Smooth Monkeyflower -  ringens L. Blue Monkeyflower Odontites verna (Bell.) Dum. Red Bartsia Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. Owl's-clover Pedicularis canadensis L. Common Lousewort. Wood-betony -  flammea L. Flame-colored Lousewort -  groenlandica Retz. Elephant's-head -  labradorica Wirsing Labrador Lousewort -  lanceolata Michx. Swamp Lousewort -  lapponica L. Lapland Rattle -  parviflora Sm. Purple Lousewort -  sudetica Willd. Purple Rattle Penstemon albidus Nutt. White Beardgrass -  gracilis Nutt. Lilac-flowered Beardgrass -  nitidus Dougl. Smooth Blue Beardtongue -  procerus Dougl. Slender Beardgrass Rhinanthes borealis (Sterneck) Chabert -  crista-galli L. Common Yellowrattle Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein. Flannel-plant Veronica americana (Raf.) Schwein. American Brooklime. American Speedwell -  catenata Pennell Water-Speedwell -  longifolia L -  peregrina L. Neck-weed. Purslane or Hairy Speedwell -  persica Poir. Bird's-eye -  polita Fries Smooth Speedwell -  scutellata L. Marsh Speedwell Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farwell Culver's-root

OROBANCHACEAE (BROOM-RAPE FAMILY) Conopholis americana (L. Wallr.) Squawroot. Cancerroot Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. Clustered Broom-rape -  ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana Broom-rape

LENTIBULARIACEAE (BLADDERWORT FAMILY) Pinguicula villosa L. Small Butterwort -  vulgaris L. Common Butterwort. Butterwort Utricularia cornuta Michx Horned Bladderwort -  intermedia Hayne Flat-leaved Bladderwort -  minor L. Lesser Bladderwort -  vulgaris L. Greater Bladderwort

PHRYMACEAE (LOPSEED FAMILY) Phryma leptostachya L. Lopseed

PLANTAGINACEAE (PLANTAIN FAMILY) Plantago coronopus L. Buckhorn Plantain. Crowfoot -  elongata Pursh Linear-leaved Plantain -  eriopoda Torr. Saline Plantain -  lanceolata L. Ribgrass. Ripplegrass. Buckthorn. English Plantain -  major L. Common Plantain. Whiteman's-foot -  maritima L. Seaside Plantain. Goose-tongue -  media L. Hoary Plantain -  patagonica Jacq. Patagonia. Indian-wheat. Pursh's Plantain -  psyllium L. Flaxseed or Sand Plantain

RUBIACEAE (MADDER FAMILY) Galium aparine L. Cleavers. Goosegrass -  boreale L. Northern Bedstraw -  labradoricum Weig. Ladies' Bedstraw -  palustre L. Marsh Bedstraw -  trifidum L. Small Bedstraw -  triflorum Michx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw -  verum L. Yellow Bedstraw. Our Lady's Bedstraw Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. Houstonia. Long-leaved Bluets

CAPRIFOLIACEAE (HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY) Diervilla lonicera Mill. Bush-honeysuckle Linnaea borealis L. Twinflower Lonicera dioica L. Limber or Twining Honeysuckle -  involucrata (Richards.) Banks Black Twinberry. Involucrate Honeysuckle -  oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook. Swamp-fly Honeysuckle -  tatarica L. Tartarian Honeysuckle -  villosa (Michx.) Mountain-Fly-Honeysuckle Sambucus canadensis L. Commmon Elder -  racemosa L. Red-berried Elder. Stinking Elder. Red Elderberry Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake Snowberry -  occidentalis Hook. Wolfberry. Buckbrush. Western Snowberry Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf. Pimbina. Mooseberry. Lowbush-cranberry -  lentago L. Sheepberry. Nannyberry -  opulus L. Highbush-cranberry -  rafinesquianum Schultes Downy Arrow-wood

ADOXACEAE (MOSCHATEL FAMILY) Adoxa moschatellina L. Moschatel

VALERIANACEAE (VALERIAN FAMILY) Valeriana dioica L. Northern Valerian

DIPSACACEAE (TEASEL FAMILY) Knautia arvensis (L.) Duby Field Scabious

CUCURBITACEAE (GOURD FAMILY) Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G. Wild Cucumber. Pri Cucumber Thladiantha dubia Bunge Manchu Tuber-gourd

CAMPANULACEAE (BLUEBELL FAMILY) Campanula aparinoides Pursh Marsh Bellflower -  rapunculoides L. Creeping Bluebell -  rotundifolia L. Harebell. Barbell -  trachelium L. Nettle-leaved Bellflower. Bats-in-the-Belfry -  uliginosa Rydb. Marsh Bellflower -  uniflora L. Alpine Bluebell

LOBELIACEAE (LOBELIA FAMILY) Lobelia dortmanna L. Water Lobelia -  kalmii L. Kalm's Lobelia -  siphilitica L. Great Lobelia. Great Lobelia -  spicata Lam. Pale-spike Lobelia. Spiked Lobelia

COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow. Milfoil. Yarrow -  ptarmica L Sneezeweed -  sibirica Ledeb. Many-flowerd Yarrow Agoseris glauca (Nutt.) Greene False Dandelion Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Common Ragweed -  psilostachya DC. Perennial Ragweed -  trifida L. Great Ragweed. Buffalo-weed Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) C.B. Clarke Pearly Everlasting Antennaria neglecta Greene Field Cat's-foot -  parvifolia Nutt. Small-leaved Everlasting -  plantaginifolia (L.) Hook. Plantain-leaved Everlasting -  pulcherrima (Hook.) Greene Showy Everlasting -  rosea Greene Rosy Everlasting -  umbrellina Rydb. Brown-bracted Mountain Everlasting Anthemis cotula L. Mayweed. Dog-Fennel. Stinking Mayweed -  tinctoria L Yellow Chamomille Arctium lappa L. Great or Common Burdock -  minus (Hill) Bernh. Common or Lesser Burdock -  nemorosum Lej. -  tomentosum Mill. Cotton Burdock Arnica alpina (L.) Olin Arctic Arnica -  chamissonis Less. Leafy Arnica -  cordifolia Hook. Heart-leaf Arnica -  fulgens Pursh Shining Arnica -  lonchophylla Greene Artemisia abrotanum L. Southernwood. Lemonwood -  absinthium L. Wormwood. Absinthe -  biennis Willd. Biennial Wormwood -  campestris L. Sagewort. Wormwood. Plains Wormwood -  cana Pursh Silvery Sagebrush. Hoary Sagebrush -  canadensis Michx. Canada Wormwood -  dracunculus L. Tarragon -  frigida Willd. Prairie-Sagewort. Pasture Sage -  longifolia Nutt. Long-leaved Sage -  ludoviciana Nutt. Western Mugwort. White or Prairie Sage -  pontica L. Roman Wormwood -  tilesii Ledeb. Herriot's Sage -  vulgaris L. Common Mugwort. Common Wormwood Aster borealis (T. & G.) Provencher -  ciliolatus Lindl. Lindley's Aster -  cordifolius L. Common Blue Wood Aster -  ericoides L. Heath or Many-flowered Aster -  johannensis Fern. -  laevis L. Smooth Aster -  lateriflorus (L.) Britt. Calico or Wood Aster -  laurentianus Fern. -  macrophyllus L. Whitewood Aster -  modestus Lindl. Large Northern Aster -  novae-angliae L. New England Aster -  pauciflorus Nutt. Few-flowered Aster -  praealtus Poir. -  ptarmicoides (Nees) T. & G. White Upland Aster -  puniceus L. Purple-stemmed Aster -  sagittifolius Wedemeyer Arrow-leaved Aster -  sericeus Vent. Western Silvery Aster -  simplex Willd. Small Blue Aster -  umbellatus Mill. Flat-topped White Aster Bidens amplissima Greene -  beckii Torr. Water-Marigold -  cernua L. Stick-tight. Smooth Beggarticks -  frondosa L. Beggarticks. Common Beggarticks -  vulgata Greene Beggarticks. Stick-tight Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Her White Boltonia Carduus nutans L. Nodding or Musk-Thistle Centaurea cyanus L. Bachelor's-button. Bluebottle. Cornflower -  repens L. Russian Knapweed. Turkestan Thistle -  solstitialis L. Yellow Star-thistle Chrysanthemum arcticum L. Arctic Daisy -  leucanthemum L. Ox-eye-Daisy -  parthenium (L.) Bernh. Feverfew Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. Hairy Golden-aster Cichorium intybus L. Common Chicory. Blue Sailors. Chicory Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada Thistle -  discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. Field Thistle -  drummondii T. & G. Short-stemmed Thistle -  flodmanii (Rydb.) Arthur Flodman's Thistle -  muticum Michx. Swamp thistle -  nutans L. Musk-Thistle -  undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavy-leaved Thistle -  vulgare (Savi) Tenore Bull Thistle Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Common Tickseed Crepis runcinata (James) T. & G. Scapose Hawk's-beard -  tectorum L. Narrow-leaved Hawk's-beard Echinacea pallida Nutt. Purple Coneflower Echinops sphaerocephalus Common Globe-thistle. Globe-thistle Erigeron acris L. Northern Daisy Fleabane -  asper Nutt. Rough Fleabane -  caespitosus Nutt. Tufted Fleabane -  canadensis L. Horse-weed. Canada Fleabane -  glabellus Nutt. Smooth Fleabane -  hyssopifolius Michx. Hyssop-leaved Erigeron -  lonchophyllus Hook. Hirsute Fleabane -  philadelphicus L. Philadelphia Fleabane -  strigosus Muhl. Daisy Fleabane. White-top -  uniflorus L. Purple Daisy Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Thoroughwort. Boneset -  purpureum L. Joe-Pye-weed Franseria acanthicarpa (Hook.) Coville Sandbur Gaillardia aristata Pursh Great-flowered Gaillardia Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake Galinsoga -  parviflora Cav. Galinsoga Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Low Cudweed Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Curly-cup Gumweed. Gumweed Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby brush. Broom-Snakeroot Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) DC. Ironplant. Spiny Ironplant Helenium autumnale L. Common or Mountain Sneezeweed Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower. Sunflower -  laetiflorus Pers. Beautiful Sunflower -  maximiliani Schrad. Narrow-leaved Sunflower -  nuttallii T & G Tuberous-rooted Sunflower -  petiolaris Nutt. Prairie Sunflower -  tuberosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet Rough False Sunflower Hieracium albiflorum Hook. White Hawkweed -  aurantiacum L. Devil's Paint-brush. Orange Hawkweed. King-devil -  canadense Michx. -  scabriusculum Schwein Iva axillaris Pursh Poverty-weed -  xanthifolia Nutt. Marsh-Elder Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake Dwarf Dandelion Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern. Tall Blue Lettuce -  canadensis L. Tall Yellow Lettuce -  floridana (L.) Gaertn. Annual Blue Lettuce -  ludoviciana (Nutt.) Riddell Western Lettuce -  scariola L. Prickly Lettuce -  tatarica (L.) Meyer Lapsana communis L. Nipplewort. Common Nipplewort Liatris ligulistylis (Nels.) Meadow Blazingstar -  punctata Hook. Dotted Blazingstar Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don. Skeletonweed -  rostrata Gray Annual Skeletonweed Madia glomerata Hook. Tarweed -  icaria ambigua (Ledeb.) Krylof -  chamomilla L. Wild Chamomile -  maritima L. Scentless Chamomile -  matricarioides (Less.) Porter Pineapple-weed. Wild Chamomile Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Schultz-Bip Prairie False Dandelion Petasites palmatus (Ait.) Gray Palmate-leaved Colt's-foot -  sagittatus (Pursh) Gray Arrow-leaved Colt's-foot -  vitifolius Greene Vine-leaved Colt's-foot Prenanthes alba L. White Lettuce. Rattlesnake-root -  racemosa Michx. Glaucous White Lettuce Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Wooton & Standl. Long-headed Coneflower Rudbeckia hirta L Black-eyed Susan -  laciniata L. Tall Coneflower Senecio aureus L. Golden Ragwort -  canus Hook. Silvery Groundsel -  congestus (R. Br.) DC. Marsh-Fleabane. Marsh Ragwort -  eremophilus Richards. Cut-leaved Ragwort -  indecorus Greene Rayless Ragwort -  integerrimus Nutt. Entire-leaved Groundsel -  pauperculus Michx. Balsam Groundsel -  pseudaureus Rydb. -  tridenticulatus Rydb. Compact Groundsel -  viscosus L. Stinking Groundsel -  vulgaris L. Common Groundsel Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. Prairie-Dock Solidago canadensis L. Canada Goldenrod -  gigantea Ait. Late Goldenrod -  graminifolia (L.) Salisb. Flat-topped Goldenrod -  hispida Muhl. Hairy Goldenrod -  juncea Ait. Sharp-toothed Goldenrod -  missouriensis Nutt. Low Goldenrod -  mollis Bartl. Velvety Goldenrod -  multiradiata Ait. Alpine Goldenrod -  nemoralis Ait. Showy Goldenrod -  purshii Porter -  riddellii Frank Riddell's Goldenrod -  rigida L. Stiff Goldenrod -  spathulata DC. Mountain Goldenrod -  uliginosa Nutt. Marsh Goldenrod Sonchus arvensis L. Field or Perennial Sow-thistle -  asper (L.) Hill Spiny-leaved or Prickly Sow-thistle -  oleraceus L. Common or Annual Sow-thistle Tanacetum huronense Nutt. Indian Tansy -  vulgare L. Common Tansy. Golden-buttons. Tansy Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledeb.) DC. Dandelion -  dumetorum Greene -  lacerum Greene -  laevigatum (Willd.) DC. Red-seeded Dandelion -  lapponicum Kihlm. -  officinale Weber Common Dandelion Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter Low Townsendia Tragopogon dubius Scop. Goat's-beard. Yellow Goat's-beard -  porrifolius L. Salsify. Oyster-plant. Vegetable-oyster -  pratensis L. Goat's-beard Vernonia fasciculata Michx. Western Ironweed Xanthium strumarium L. Cocklebur

FISHES

* Introduced

PETROMYZONTIDAE (LAMPREY FAMILY) Ichthyomyzon castaneus Girard Chestnut Lamprey -  fossor Reighard and Cummins Northern Brook Lamprey -  unicuspis Hubbs and Trautman Silver Lamprey

ACIPENSERIDAE (STURGEON FAMILY) Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque Lake Sturgeon

SALMONIDAE (SALMON FAMILY) Coregonus artedii Lesueur Cisco. Lake Herring -  clupeaformis (Mitchill) Lake Whitefish -  zenithicus (Jordan and Evermann) Shortjaw Cisco Oncorhyncus nerka (Walbaum) Sockeye Salmon. Kokanee* Prosopium cylindraceum (Pallas) Round Whitefish Salmo clarki Richardson Cutthroat Trout* -  gairdneri Richardson Rainbow Trout. Kamloops Steelhead* -  trutta Linnaeus Brown Trout* Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus) Arctic Char -  fontalis\namaycush (Mitchell & Walbaum) Splake (hybrid) -  fontinalis (Mitchill) Brook Trout -  namaycush (Walbaum) Lake Trout Thymallis arcticus (Pallas) Arctic Grayling

OSMERIDAE (SMELT FAMILY) Mallotus villosus (Muller) Capelin (marine)

HIODONTIDAE (MOONEYE FAMILY) Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque) Goldeye -  tergisus Lesueur Mooneye

UMBRIDAE (MUD MINNOW FAMILY) Umbra limi (Kirtland) Central Mudminnow

ESOCIDAE (PIKE FAMILY) Esox lucius Linnaeus Northern Pike -  masquinongy Mitchill Muskellunge

CYPRINIDAE (MINNOW OR CARP FAMILY) Carassius auratus (Linnaeus) Goldfish* Couesius plumbeus (Agassiz) Lake Chub Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus Carp* Hybognathus hankinsoni Hubbs Brassy Minnow Hybopsis gracilis (Richardson) Flathead Chub -  storeiana (Kirtland) Silver Chub Nocomis biguttatus (Kirtland) Hornyhead Chub Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill) Golden Shiner Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque Emerald Shiner -  blennius (Girard) River Shiner -  cornutus (Mitchill) Common Shiner -  dorsalis (Agassiz) Bigmouth Shiner -  heterodon (Cope) Blackchin Shiner -  heterolepis Eigenmann and Eigenmann Blacknose Shiner -  hudsonius (Clinton) Spottail Shiner -  rubellus (Agassiz) Rosyface Shiner -  spilopterus (Cope) Spotfin Shiner -  stramineus (Cope) Sand Shiner -  texanus (Girard) Weed Shiner -  volucellus (Cope) Mimic Shiner Phoxinus eos (Cope) Northern Redbelly Dace Phoxinus neogaeus (Cope) Finescale Dace -  notatus (Rafinesque) Bluntnose Minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque Fathead Minnow Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann) Blacknose Dace -  cataractae (Valenciennes) Longnose Dace Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill) Creek Chub -  margarita (Cope) Pearl Dace

CATOSTOMIDAE (SUCKER FAMILY) Carpiodes cyprinus (Lesueur) Quillback Catostomus catostomus (Forster) Longnose Sucker -  commersoni (Lacepede) White Sucker Ictiobus cyprinellus (Valenciennes) Bigmouth Buffalo Moxostoma anisurum (Rafinesque) Silver Redhorse -  erythrurum (Rafinesque) Golden Redhorse -  macrolepidotum (Lesueur) Shorthead Redhorse

ICTALURIDAE (CATFISH FAMILY) Ictalarus melas (Rafinesque) Black Bullhead -  nebulosus (Lesueur) Brown Bullhead -  punctatus (Rafinesque) Channel Catfish Notarus gyrinnus (Mitchill) Tadpole Madtom Noturus flavus Rafinesque Stonecat

CYPRINODONTIDAE (KILLIFISH FAMILY) Fundulus diaphanus (Lesueur) Banded Killifish

GADIDAE (COD FAMILY) Lota lota (Linnaeus) Brook Burbot

GASTEROSTEIDAE (STICKLEBACK FAMILY) Culaea inconstans (Kirtland) Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus Threespine Stickleback (marine) Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus) Ninespine Stickleback

PERCOPSIDAE (TROUT-PERCH FAMILY) Percopsis omiscomaycus (Walbaum) Trout-perch

CENTRARCHIDAE (SUNFISH FAMILY) Amblopites rupestris (Rafinesque) Rock Bass Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus) Pumpkinseed -  macrochirus Rafinesque Bluegill Micropterus dolomieui Lacepede Smallmouth Bass* -  salmoides Lacepede Largemouth Bass* Morone chrysops (Rafinesque) White Bass* Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque White Crappie* Pomoxis nigromaculatas (Lesueur) Black Crappie*

PERCIDAE (PERCH FAMILY) Etheostoma exile (Girard) Iowa Darter -  nigrum Rafinesque Johnny Darter Perca flavescens (Mitchill) Yellow Perch Percina caprodes (Rafinesque) Logperch -  maculata (Girard) Blackside Darter -  shumardi (Girard) River Darter Stizostedion canadense (Smith) Sauger -  vitreum (Mitchill) Walleye

SCIAENIDAE (DRUM OR CROAKER FAMILY) Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque Freshwater Drum

COTTIDAE (SCULPIN FAMILY) Cottus bairdi Girard Mottled Sculpin -  cognatus Richardson Slimy Sculpin -  ricei (Nelson) Spoonhead Sculpin Myoxocephalus quadricornis (Linnaeus) Deepwater Sculpin (marine) -  scorpioides (Fabricius) Arctic Sculpin (marine) -  scorpius (Linnaeus) Shorthorn Sculpin (marine) -  thompsoni (Girard) Deepwater Sculpin

AMPHIBIANS

Necturus maculosus maculosus (Rafinesque) Mudpuppy Ambystoma laterale Hallowell Blue-spotted Salamander Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum (Green) Eastern Tiger Salamander Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli Dunn Gray Tiger Salamander Bufo americanus americanus Holbrook American Toad Bufo americanus hemiophrys Cope Canadian Toad Bufo cognatus (Say) Great Plains Toad Scaphiopus bombifrons Cope Plains Spadefoot Toad Hyla crucifer crucifer Wied Northern Spring Peeper Hyla chrysoscelis Cope Cope's Gray Treefrog Hyla versicolor Le Conte Gray Treefrog Pseudacris triseriata maculata (Agassiz) Boreal Chorus Frog Rana clamitans melanota (Rafinesque) Green Frog Rana septentrionalis Baird Mink Frog Rana pipiens Schreber Northern Leopard Frog Rana sylvatica Le Conte Wood Frog

REPTILES

Chelydra serpentina serpentina Linnaeus Common Snapping Turtle Chrysemys picta belli (Grey) Western Painted Turtle Eumeces septentrionalis septentrionalis Baird Northern Prairie Skink Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata (Storer) Northern Redbelly Snake Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis (Say) Red-sided Garter Snake Opheodrys vernalis (Harlan) Smooth Green Snake Thamnophis radix haydeni (Kennicott) Western Plains Garter Snake Heterodon nasicus nasicus Baird and Girard Plains Hognose Snake

BIRDS

* Introduced

GAVIIDAE (LOONS) Gavia adamsii (Gray) Yellow-billed Loon -  immer (Brunnich) Common Loon -  pacifica (Lawrence) Pacific Loon -  stellata (Pontoppidan) Red-throated Loon

PODICIPEDIDAE (GREBES) Aechmophorus clarkii (Lawrence) Clark's Grebe -  occidentalis (Lawrence) Western Grebe Podiceps auritus (Linnaeus) Horned Grebe Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert) Red-necked Grebe -  nigricolis C.L. Brehm Eared Grebe Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus) Pied-billed Grebe

PELECANIDE (PELICANS) Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin American White Pelican

PHALACROCORACIDAE (CORMORANTS) Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson) Double-crested Cormorant

ARDEIDAE (HERONS AND BITTERNS) Ardea herodias Linnaeus Great Blue Heron Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett) American Bittern Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus) Cattle Egret Buteroides striatus (Linnaeus) Green-backed Heron Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus) Great Egret Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus) Little Blue Heron -  thula (Molina) Snowy Egret -  tricolor (Muller) Tricolored Heron Ixobrychus exilis (Gmelin) Least Bittern Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus) Black-crowned Night-Heron -  violaceus (Linnaeus) Yellow-crowned Night-Heron

ANATIDAE (SWANS, GEESE, AND DUCKS) Aix sponsa (Linnaeus) Wood Duck Anas acuta Linnaeus Northern Pintail -  americana Gmelin American Wigeon -  clypeata Linnaeus Northern Shoveler -  crecca Linnaeus Green-winged Teal -  cyanoptera Vieillot Cinnamon Teal -  discors Linnaeus Blue-winged Teal -  penelope Linnaeus Eurasian Wigeon -  platyrhynchos Linnaeus Mallard -  querquedula Linnaeus Garganey -  rubripes Brewster American Black Duck -  strepera Linnaeus Gadwall Anser albifrons (Scopoli) Great White-fronted Goose -  caerulescens (Linnaeus) Snow Goose -  rossii Cassin Ross's Goose Aythya affinis (Eyton) Lesser Scaup -  americana (Eyton) Redhead -  collaris (Donovan) Ring-necked Duck -  marila (Linnaeus) Greater Scaup -  valisineria (Wilson) Canvasback Branta bernicla (Linnaeus) Brant -  canadensis (Linnaeus) Canada Goose Bucephala albeola (Linnaeus) Bufflehead -  clangula (Linnaeus) Common Goldeneye -  islandica (Gmelin) Barrow's Goldeneye Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus) Oldsquaw Cygnus buccinator Richardson Trumpeter Swan  (extirpated) -  columbianus (Ord) Tundra or Whistling Swan Histrionicus histrionicus (Linnaeus) Harlequin Duck Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus) Hooded Merganser Melanitta fusca (Linnaeus) White-winged Scoter -  nigra (Linnaeus) Black Scoter -  perspicillata (Linnaeus) Surf Scoter Mergus merganser Linnaeus Common Merganser -  serrator Linnaeus Red-breasted Merganser Oxyura jamaicensis (Gmelin) Ruddy Duck Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus) Common Eider -  spectabilis (Linnaeus) King Eider

CATHARTIDAE (AMERICAN VULTURES) Cathartes aura (Linnaeus) Turkey Vulture

ACCIPITRIDAE (OSPREY, KITES, EAGLES, AND HAWKS) Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte) Cooper's Hawk -  gentilis (Linneaus) Northern Goshawk -  striatus Vieillot Sharp-shinned Hawk Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus) Golden Eagle Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin) Red-tailed Hawk -  lagopus (Pontopiddan) Rough-legged Hawk -  lineatus (Gmelin) Red-shouldered Hawk -  platypterus (Vieillot) Broad-winged Hawk -  regalis (Gray) Ferruginous Hawk -  swainsoni Bonaparte Swainson's Hawk Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus) Northern Harrier Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus) Bald Eagle Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus) Osprey

FALCONIDAE (FALCONS) Falco columbarius Linnaeus Merlin Falco mexicanus Schlegel Prairie Falcon -  peregrinus Tunstall Peregrine Falcon -  rusticolis Linnaeus Gyrfalcon -  sparverius Linneaus American Kestrel

PHASIANIDAE (PARTRIDGES, PHEASANT, GROUSE, TURKEYS, AND QUAIL) Bonasa umbellus (Linnaeus) Ruffed Grouse Dendragapus canadensis (Linnaeus) Spruce Grouse Lagopus lagopus (Linnaeus) Willow Ptarmigan -  mutus (Montin) Rock Ptarmigan Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus Wild Turkey* Perdix perdix (Linnaeus) Gray (Hungarian) Partridge* Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus Ring-necked Pheasant* Tympanuchus cupido (Linnaeus) Greater Prairie Chicken  (extirpated) -  phasianellus (Linnaeus) Sharp-tailed Grouse

RALLIDAE (RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS) Coturnicops noviboracensis (Gmelin) Yellow Rail Fulica americana Gmelin American Coot Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus) Common Moorhen Porzana carolina (Linnaeus) Sora Rallus elegans Audubon King Rail -  limicola Vieillot Virginia Rail

GRUIDAE (CRANES) Grus americana (Linnaeus) Whooping Crane -  canadensis (Linnaeus) Sandhill Crane

CHARADRIIDAE (PLOVERS) Charadrius melodus Ord Piping Plover -  semipalmatus Bonaparte Semipalmated Plover -  vociferus Linnaeus Killdeer Pluvialis dominica (Muller) Lesser Golden Plover -  squatarola (Linnaeus) Black-bellied Plover

RECURVIROSTRIDAE (AVOCETS AND STILTS) Himantopus mexicanus (Muller) Black-necked Stilt Recurvirostra americana Gmelin American Avocet

SCOLOPACIDAE (SANDPIPERS AND PHALAROPES) Actitis macularia (Linnaeus) Spotted Sandpiper Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus) Ruddy Turnstone Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein) Upland Sandpiper Calidris alba (Pallas) Sanderling -  alpina (Linnaeus) Dunlin -  bairdii (Coues) Baird's Sandpiper -  canutus (Linnaeus) Red Knot -  ferruginea (Bonaparte) Curlew Sandpiper -  fuscicollus (Vieillot) White-rumped Sandpiper -  himantopus (Bonaparte) Stilt Sandpiper -  maritima (Brunnich) Purple Sandpiper -  mauri (Cabanis) Western Sandpiper -  melanotos (Vieillot) Pectoral Sandpiper -  minutilla (Vieillot) Least Sandpiper -  pusilla (Linnaeus) Semipalmated Sandpiper Catoptrophorus semipalmatus (Gmelin) Willet Gallinago gallinago (Linnaeus) Common Snipe Heteroscelus incanus (Gmelin) Wandering Tattler Limnodromus griseus (Gmelin) Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus (Say) Long-billed Dowitcher -  fedoa (Linnaeus) Marbled Godwit Limosa haemastica (Linnaeus) Hudsonian Godwit Numenius americanus Bechstein Long-billed Curlew -  borealis (Forster) Eskimo Curlew  (extirpated) -  phaeopus (Linnaeus) Whimbrel Phalaropus fulicaria (Linnaeus) Red Phalarope -  lobatus (Linnaeus) Red-necked Phalarope -  tricolor (Vieillot) Wilson's Phalarope Philomachus pugnax (Linnaeus) Ruff Scolopax minor Gmelin American Woodcock Tringa flavipes (Gmelin) Lesser Yellowlegs -  melanoleuca (Gmelin) Greater Yellowlegs -  solitaria Wilson Solitary Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis (Vieillot) Buff-breasted Sandpiper

LARIDAE (SKUAS, GULLS, TERNS, AND SKIMMERS) Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus) Black Tern Larus argentatus Pontoppidan Herring Gull -  atricilla Linnaeus Laughing Gull -  californicus Lawrence California Gull -  canus Linnaeus Mew Gull -  delawarensis Ord Ring-billed Gull -  fuscus Linnaeus Lesser Black-backed Gull -  glaucescens Naumann Glaucous-winged Gull -  glaucoides Meyer Iceland Gull -  glaucoides thayeri Brooks Thayer's Gull -  hyperboreus Gunnerus Glaucous Gull -  marinus Linnaeus Great Black-backed Gull -  minutus Pallas Little Gull -  philadelphia (Ord) Bonaparte's Gull -  pipixcan Wagler Franklin's Gull -  ridibundus Linnaeus Common Black-headed Gull Pagophila eburnea (Phipps) Ivory Gull Rhodostethia rosea (Macgillivray) Ross's Gull Rissa tridactyla (Linnaeus) Black-legged Kittiwake Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot Long-tailed Jaeger -  parasiticus (Linnaeus) Parasitic Jaeger -  pomarinus (Temminck) Pomerine Jaeger Sterna caspia Pallas Caspian Tern -  forsteri Nuttall Forster's Tern -  hirundo Linnaeus Common Tern -  paradisaea Pontoppidan Arctic Tern Xema sabini (Sabine) Sabine's Gull

ALCIDAE (AUKS, MURRES, AND PUFFINS) Alle alle (Linnaeus) Dovekie Cepphus grylle (Linnaeus) Black Guillemot Synthliboramphus hypoleucus (Xantus) Ancient Murrelet

COLUMBIDAE (PIGEONS AND DOVES) Columba fasciata Say Band-tailed Pigeon -  livia Gmelin Rock Dove* Ectopistes migratorius (Linnaeus) Passenger Pigeon (extinct) Zenaida macroura (Linnaeus) Mourning Dove

CUCULIDAE (CUCKOOS) Coccyzus americanus (Linnaeus) Yellow-billed Cuckoo -  erythropthalmus (Wilson) Black-billed Cuckoo

TYTONIDAE (BARN OWLS) Tyto alba (Scopoli) Common Barn-owl

STRIGIDAE (TYPICAL OWLS) Aegolius acadicus (Gmelin) Northern Saw-whet Owl -  funereus (Linnaeus) Boreal Owl Asio flammeus (Pontopiddan) Short-eared Owl -  otus (Linnaeus) Long-eared Owl Athene cunicularia (Molina) Burrowing Owl Bubo virginianus (Gmelin) Great Horned Owl Nyctea scandiaca (Linnaeus) Snowy Owl Otus asio (Linnaeus) Eastern Screech Owl Strix nebulosa Forster Great Gray Owl -  varia Barton Barred Owl Surnia ulula (Linnaeus) Northern Hawk-Owl

CAPRIMULGIDAE (GOATSUCKERS) Caprimulgus vociferus Wilson Whip-poor-will Chordeiles minor (Forster) Common Nighthawk Apodidae (Swifts) Chaetura pelagica (Linnaeus) Chimney Swift

TROCHILIDAE (HUMMINGBIRDS) Archilochus colubris (Linnaeus) Ruby-throated Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus (Gmelin) Rufous Hummingbird

ALCEDINIDAE (KINGFISHERS) Ceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) Belted Kingfisher

PICIDAE (WOODPECKERS) Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus) Northern Flicker Dryocopus pileatus (Linneaus) Pileated Woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus (Linnaeus) Red-bellied Woodpecker -  erythrocephalus (Linnaeus) Red-headed Woodpecker -  lewis (Gray) Lewis's Woodpecker Picoides arcticus (Swainson) Black-backed Woodpecker -  pubescens (Linnaeus) Downy Woodpecker -  tridactylus (Linnaeus) Three-toed Woodpecker -  villosus (Linnaeus) Hairy Woodpecker Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus) Yellow-bellied Sapsucker

TYRANNIDAE (TYRANT FLYCATCHERS) Contopus borealis (Swainson) Olive-sided Flycatcher -  cordidulus Sclater Western Wood-Peewee -  virens (Linnaeus) Eastern Wood-Peewee Empidonax alnorum Brewster Alder Flycatcher -  flaviventris (Baird and Baird) Yellow-bellied Flycatcher -  minimus (Baird and Baird) Least Flycatcher -  traillii (Audubon) Willow Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus (Linnaeus) Great Crested Flycatcher Sayornis phoebe (Latham) Eastern Phoebe -  saya (Bonaparte) Say's Phoebe Tyrannus forficatus (Gmelin) Scissor-tailed Flycatcher -  tyrannus (Linnaeus) Eastern Kingbird -  verticalus Say Western Kingbird

ALAUDIDAE (LARKS) Eremophila alpestris (Linneaus) Horned Lark

HIRUNDINIDAE (SWALLOWS) Hirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot Cliff Swallow -  rustica Linnaeus Barn Swallow Progne subis (Linnaeus) Purple Martin Riparia riparia (Linnaeus) Bank Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Audubon) Northern Rough-winged Swallow Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot) Tree Swallow -  thalassina (Swainson) Violet Green Swallow

CORVIDAE (JAYS, MAGPIES, AND CROWS) Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm American Crow -  corax Linnaeus Common Raven Cyanocitta cristata (Linnaeus) Blue Jay Nucifraga columbiana (Wilson)  Clark's Nutcracker Perisoreus canadensis (Linnaeus) Gray Jay Pica pica (Linnaeus) Black-billed Magpie

PARIDAE (TITMICE) Parus atricapillus Linnaeus Black-capped Chickadee -  hudsonicus Forster Boreal Chickadee

SITTIDAE (NUTHATCHES) Sitta canadensis Linnaeus Red-breasted Nuthatch -  carolinensis Latham White-breasted Nuthatch

CERTHIIDAE (CREEPERS) Certhia americana Bonaparte Brown Creeper Thyrothorus ludovicianus (Latham) Carolina Wren

TROGLODYTIDAE (WRENS) Cistothorus palustris (Wilson) Marsh Wren -  platensis (Latham) Sedge Wren Salpinctes obsoletus (Say) Rock Wren Troglodytes aedon Vieillot House Wren -  troglodytes (Linnaeus) Winter Wren

MUCSICAPIDAE (THRUSHES AND OLD-WORLD WARBLERS) Catharus fuscescens (Stephens) Veery -  guttatus (Pallas) Hermit Thrush -  minimus (Lafresnaye) Gray-cheeked Thrush -  ustulatus (Nuttall) Swainson's Thrush Hylocichla mustelina (Gmelin) Wood Thrush Ixoreus naevius (Gmelin) Varied Thrush Myadestes townsendi (Audubon) Townsend's Solitaire Polioptila caerulea (Linneaus) Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Regulus calendula (Linnaeus) Ruby-crowned Kinglet -  satrapa Lichtenstein Golden-crowned Kinglet Sialia currucoides (Bechstein) Mountain Bluebird -  sialis (Linnaeus) Eastern Bluebird Turdus migratorius Linnaeus American Robin

MIMIDAE (MOCKINGBIRDS AND THRASHERS) Dumetella carolinensis (Linnaeus) Gray Catbird Mimus polyglottos (Linneaus) Northern Mockingbird Oreoscoiptes montanus (Townsend) Sage Thrasher Toxostoma bendirei (Coues) Bendire's Thrasher -  rufum (Linnaeus) Brown Thrasher

MOTACILLIDAE (WAGTAILS AND PIPTITS) Anthus spinoletta (Linnaeus) Water Pipit -  spragueii (Audubon) Sprague's Pipit Bombycillidae (Waxwings) Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot Cedar Waxwing -  garrulus (Linnaeus) Bohemian Waxwing

LANIIDAE (SHRIKES) Lanius excubitor Linnaeus Northern Shrike -  ludovicianus Linnaeus Loggerhead Shrike

STURNIDAE (STARLINGS) Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus European Starling*

VIREONIDAE (VIREOS) Vireo flavifrons Vieillot Yellow-throated Vireo -  gilvus (Vieillot) Warbling Vireo -  griseus (Boddaert) White-eyed Vireo -  olivaceus (Linnaeus) Red-eyed Vireo -  philadelphicus (Cassin) Philadelphia Vireo -  solitarius (Wilson) Solitary Vireo

EMBERIZIDAE (WARBLERS, TANAGERS, CARDINALS, SPARROWS, BUNTINGS, MEADOWLARKS, BLACKBIRDS, AND ORIOLES) Agelaius phoenicus (Linnaeus) Red-winged Blackbird Ammodramus bairdii (Audubon) Baird's Sparrow -  caudacutus (Gmelin) Sharp-tailed Sparrow -  leconteii (Audubon) Le Conte's Sparrow -  savannarum (Gmelin) Grasshopper Sparrow Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger Lark Bunting Calcarius lapponicus (Linnaeus) Lapland Longspur -  mccownii (Lawrence) McCown's Longspur -  ornatus (Townsend) Chestnut-collared Longspur -  pictus (Swainson) Smith's Longspur Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus) Northern Cardinal Chondestes grammacus (Say) Lark Sparrow Dendroica caerulescens (Gmelin) Black-throated Blue Warbler -  castanea (Wilson) Bay-breasted Warbler -  cerulea (Wilson) Cerulean Warbler -  coronata (Linnaeus) Yellow-rumped Warbler -  discolor (Vieillot) Prairie Warbler -  dominica (Linnaeus) Yellow-throated Warbler -  fusca (Muller) Blackburnian Warbler -  magnolia (Wilson) Magnolia Warbler -  palmarum (Gmelin) Palm Warbler -  pensylvanica (Linnaeus) Chestnut-sided Warbler -  petechia (Linnaeus) Yellow Warbler -  pinus (Wilson) Pine Warbler -  striata (Forster) Blackpoll Warbler -  tigrina (Gmelin) Cape May Warbler -  virens (Gmelin) Black-throated Green Warbler Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnaeus) Bobolink Euphagus carolinus (Muller) Rusty Blackbird -  cyanocephalus (Wagler) Brewer's Blackbird Geothylpis trichas (Linnaeus) Common Yellowthroat Icteria virens (Linnaeus) Yellow-breasted Chat -  galbula (Linnaeus) Northern Oriole -  spurius (Linnaeus) Orchard Oriole Junco hyemalis (Linnaeus) Dark-eyed Junco Melospiza georgiana (Latham) Swamp Sparrow -  lincolnii (Audubon) Lincoln's Sparrow -  melodia (Wilson) Song Sparrow Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus) Black-and-white Warbler Molothrus ater (Boddaert) Brown-headed Cowbird Oporornis agilis (Wilson) Conneticut Warbler -  philadelphia (Wilson) Mourning Warbler Parula americana (Linnaeus) Northern Parula Passerculus sandwichensis (Gmelin) Savannah Sparrow Passerella iliacus (Merrem) Fox Sparrow Passerina amoena (Say) Lazuli Bunting -  cyanea (Linnaeus) Indigo Bunting Pheucticus ludovicianus (Linnaeus) Rose-breasted Grosbeak -  melanocephalus (Swainson) Black-headed Grosbeak Pipilo chlorurus (Audubon) Green-tailed Towhee -  erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus) Rufous-sided Towhee Piranga ludoviciana (Wilson) Western Tanager -  olivacea (Gmelin) Scarlet Tanager -  rubra (Linnaeus) Summer Tanager Plectrophenax nivalis (Linnaeus) Snow Bunting Pooecetes gramineus (Gmelin) Vesper Sparrow Quiscalus quiscula (Linnaeus) Common Grackle Seiuris aurocapillus (Linneaus) Ovenbird -  noveboracensis (Gmelin) Northern Waterthrush Setophaga ruticilla (Linnaeus) American Redstart Spiza americana (Gmelin) Dickcissel Spizella arborea (Wilson) American Tree Sparrow -  pallida (Swainson) Clay-colored Sparrow -  passerina (Bechstein) Chipping Sparrow -  pusilla (Wilson) Field Sparrow Sturnella magna (Linnaeus) Eastern Meadowlark -  neglecta Audubon Western Meadowlark Vermivora celata (Say) Orange-crowned Warbler -  chrysoptera (Linnaeus) Golden-winged Warbler -  peregrina (Wilson) Tennessee Warbler -  ruficapilla (Wilson) Nashville Warbler Wilsonia canadensis (Linnaeus) Canada Warbler -  citrina (Boddaert) Hooded Warbler -  pusilla (Wilson) Wilson's Warbler Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte) Yellow-headed Blackbird Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin) White-throated Sparrow -  atricapilla (Gmelin) Golden-crowned Sparrow -  leucophrys (Forster) White-crowned Sparrow -  querula (Nuttall) Harris's Sparrow

FRINGILLIDAE (FINCHES) Carduelis flammea (Linnaeus) Common Redpoll -  hornemanni (Holboll) Hoary Redpoll -  pinus (Wilson) Pine Siskin -  tristis (Linnaeus) American Goldfinch Carpodacus mexicanus (Muller) House Finch -  purpureus (Gmelin) Purple Finch Coccothraustes vespertinus (Cooper) Evening Grosbeak Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus Brambling Leucosticte arctoa (Pallas) Rosy Finch Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus Red Crossbill -  leucoptera Gmelin White-winged Crossbill Pinicola enucleator (Linnaeus) Pine Grosbeak

PASSERIDAE (OLD WORLD SPARROWS) Passer domesticus (Linnaeus) House Sparrow* Passer montanus Linnaeus Eurasian (European) Tree Sparrow*

MAMMALS

* Introduced

SORICIDAE (SHREWS) Blarina brevicauda Say Shorttailed Shrew Microsorex hoyi Baird Pigmy Shrew Sorex arcticus Kerr Arctic Shrew -  cinereus Kerr Masked Shrew -  obscurus Merriam Dusky Shrew -  palustris Richardson Water Shrew

TALPIDAE (MOLES) Condylura cristata Linnaeus Starnosed Mole

VESPERTILIONIDAE (SMOOTH-FACED BATS) Eptesicus fuscus Palisot de Beauvios Big Brown Bat Lasionycteris noctivagans LeConte Silver-haired Bat Lasiurus cinereus Pallisot de Beauvois Hoary Bat -  borealis Muller Red Bat Myotis keenii Merriam Keen's Myotis. Keen's Bat -  lucifugus LeConte Little Brown Myotis. Little Brown Bat

LEPORIDAE (RABBITS AND HARES) Lepus americanus Erxleben Snowshoe Hare -  arcticus Ross Arctic Hare -  townsendii Bachman Whitetailed Jackrabbit Sylvilagus floridanus J.A.Allen Eastern Cottontail

SCIURIDAE (SQUIRRELS) Eutamias minimus Bachman Least Chipmunk Glaucomys sabrinus Shaw Northern Flying Squirrel Marmota monax Linnaeus Woodchuck Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin Gray Squirrel -  niger Linnaeus Fox Squirrel Spermophilus franklinii Sabine Franklin's Ground Squirrel -  parryii (Richardson) Arctic Ground Squirrel -  richardsonii Sabine Richardson's Ground Squirrel -  tridecemlineatus Mitchell Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel Tamias striatus Linnaeus Eastern Chipmunk Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Erxleben Red Squirrel

GEOMYIDAE (POCKET GOPHERS) Geomys bursarius (Shaw) Plains Pocket Gopher Thomomys talpoides Richardson Northern Pocket Gopher

MURIDAE (RATS, MICE, AND VOLES) Clethrionomys gapperi Vigors Gapper's Redbacked Vole -  rutilus Pallas Northern Redbacked Vole Dicrostonyx torquatus Pallas Collared Lemming Lemmus sibiricus Kerr Brown Lemming Microtus ochrogaster Wagner Prairie Vole -  pennsylvanicus Ord Meadow Vole -  xanthognathus Leach Yellow-cheeked Vole Mus musculus Linnaeus House Mouse* Ondatra zibethicus Linnaeus Muskrat Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner Deer Mouse Phenacomys intermedius Merriam Heather Vole Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout Norway Rat* Synaptomys borealis Richardson Nothern Bog Lemming -  cooperi Baird Southern Bog Lemming

DIPODIDAE (JUMPING MICE) Napaeozapus insignis Miller Woodland Jumping Mouse Onychomys leucogaster Weid-Neuwied Northern Grasshopper Mouse Perognathus fasciatus Weid-Neuwied Olive-backed Pocket Mouse Zapus hudsonius Zimmermann Meadow Jumping Mouse -  princeps J.A.Allen Western Jumping Mouse

CASTORIDAE (BEAVERS) Castor canadensis Kuhl Beaver

ERETHIZONTIDAE (NEW WORLD PORCUPINES) Erethizon dorsatum Linnaeus Porcupine

BALAENIDAE (BOWHEAD WHALES) Balaena mysticetus Linneaus Bowhead Whale  (extirpated)

MONODONTIDAE (WHITE WHALE AND NARWHAL) Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas) White Whale or Beluga

CANIDAE (DOGS) Alopex lagopus (Linnaeus) Arctic Fox Canis latrans Say Coyote -  lupus griseoalbus Baird Gray (Timber) Wolf -  lupus hudsonicus Goldman Artic Wolf -  lupus lycaon Schreber Eastern Timber Wolf -  lupus nubilis Say Plains Wolf (extinct) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Schreber) Grey Fox Vulpes velox (Say) Swift Fox  (extirpated) -  vulpes (Linnaeus) Red Fox

URSIDAE (BEARS) Ursus americanus Pallas Black Bear -  arctos Linnaeus Grizzly Bear  (extirpated) -  maritimus Phipps Polar Bear

PROCYONIDAE (RACCOONS) Procyon lotor (Linnaeus) Raccoon

MUSTELIDAE (WEASELS) Gulo gulo Linnaeus Wolverine Lontra canadensis (Schreber) River Otter Martes americana (Turton) American Marten -  pennanti (Erxleben) Fisher Mephitis mephitis (Schreber) Striped Skunk Mustela erminea Linnaeus Short-tailed Weasel. Ermine. Stoat -  frenata Lichtenstein Long-tailed Weasel -  nivalis Linnaeus Least Weasel -  vison Schreber Mink Taxidea taxus (Schreber) Badger

FELIDAE (CATS) Felis concolor Linnaeus Mountain Lion. Cougar Lynx lynx (Linnaeus) Lynx -  rufus (Schreber) Bobcat

ODOBENIDAE (WALRUS) Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus) Walrus  (extirpated)

PHOCIDAE (TRUE SEALS) Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben) Bearded Seal Phoca vitulina Linnaeus Harbour Seal -  groenlandica Erxleben Harp Seal -  hispida Schreber Ringed Seal

CERVIDAE (DEER) Alces alces (Linnaeus) Moose Cervus elaphus Linnaeus Elk. Wapiti Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque) Mule Deer  (extirpated) -  virginianus (Zimmermann) White-tailed Deer Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin) Woodland Caribou -  tarandus groenlandicus Linnaeus Barren-ground Caribou

ANTILOCAPRIDAE (PRONGHORNS) Antilocapra americana (Ord) Pronghorn. Antelope  (extirpated)

BOVIDAE (ANTELOPES, CATTLE, SHEEP, AND GOATS) Bison bison athasbascae Rhoads Wood Bison  (extirpated) -  bison bison (Linnaeus) Plains Bison  (extirpated) Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann) Musk Ox