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Manitoba
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Annual Reports

State of the Environment Reports
 

INDEX

CONTENTS

ABOUT THE SECOND EDITION

News Stories
Sustainable Development Integrated
Water - Focus on Quality
New Section
Reviewers
Trends
Concerned Manitobans
Readers Speak Out
Feedback Invited
                  

CONTRIBUTORS

AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS
PHOTO CREDITS
CANADIAN CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA
                  

REPORT OVERVIEW

Air
Water - Focus on Quality
Fish
Forests
Wildlife
Natural Lands and Special Places
Agriculture
Energy
Mining
Transportation
Education
Legislation
Business, Industry, and Government
Waste Management
                  

PROVINCIAL PROFILE

Manitoba
Population
   Growth
   Regional Population
   Greying of Rural Manitoba
Natural Regions
   Ecozones
   Life Zones
   Natural Regions (Protected Spaces)
Aboriginal Land Claims - a Continuing Land Use Issue
Economic Indicators
                  

AIR

Efforts to Limit Smelter Emissions Continue
Global Warming Fact Sheet
Did You Know...?
New Legislation Takes Responsible Position on Recovering CFCs
Taking Stock of Greenhouse Gas Sources
Province Shapes Pollutant Monitoring Program to Suit Need
Update on Key Pollutants
   Ground-level Ozone
   Nitrogen Dioxide
   Total Suspended Particulates
   Record Levels of Radon Measured in Rural Homes
   Other Surveys
   Reducing Radon Levels Not Difficult
   Stiffer Restrictions in USA
   Air Quality Index for Winnipeg on Hold
TRENDS
Ground-level ozone concentrations .................... Same
Flin Flon air quality ................................ Same
Ozone layer protection ............................... Better
Global warming/climate change programs ............... Same
                  

WATER

Long-Term Vision
   Warning System Proposed
Water Quality Objectives - Protecting the Many Uses of Water
   Primer on Provincial Water Quality
   Eutrophication
   Persistent Toxic Substances
   Pesticides
   Bacteria and Viruses
   Biochemical Oxygen Demand
   Turbidity
   Abitibi-Price & Repap Reduce BOD in Wastewater Discharges
   Implications of Clam Harvesting Demand Further Study
   Snapshots of Water Quality
   Shoal Lake - A Natural Reservoir that Needs Protection
   Agreements on Supplies
   Jurisdictional Tangle
   Mining
   Recreational Development
   Renewable Resource Extraction
   Sustainable Economic Development for First Nations
   City of Winnipeg Withdrawals
   Joint Management Seen as Solution
   Accommodating the Uses of Water
   Human Consumption
   Agriculture
   Industrial Use
   Water Storage
   Recreational Uses
Co-operative Proposal Seeks to Ensure Local Water Supply
Water Levels, Flows Not Fully Recovered From 80s Drought
Diversion Designed to Boost Tourism on Pelican Lake
Groundwater Contamination in Manitoba - Enduring But Never Widespread
Solvents Contaminate Groundwater at Stony Mountain
Invader Species - on the Way or Already Here
   Giardia
   Zebra mussels
   Eurasian milfoil
   Rainbow smelt
Emerging Issues
   Groundwater contamination from abandoned wells
   Allocation of water for irrigation
   Potential shortage of water for Winnipeg
   Rural residential servicing
   Maintaining our flood protection works
   Exploratory drilling for minerals
TRENDS
   Chemicals in water ................................... Worse
   Water quality monitoring ............................. Better
   Public participation ................................. Better
                  

FISH

Licences and Quotas Help Maintain Incomes and Fish Populations
   Lake Manitoba
   Lake Winnipeg
   Lake Winnipegosis
Harvesting in the Big Three
   Lake Winnipeg
   Lake Manitoba
   Lake Winnipegosis
Sport Fishing - Effort Down, Release Rate Up
   Sport Fishing Effort, Catch, & Harvest Information
   Fishing in the Red a Function of Flows, Drought
   Walleye Fishing Spots on the Mend
   Regulations Focus on Conservation and Education
   Stepped Up Use of Live Bait Fish Raises Concerns
Stocking for Better Sport, Commercial, and Domestic Fishing
Co-management and User Involvement Key in Managing Fisheries
   Sport
   Commercial
   Treaty Indian Domestic Fishing - Cooperative Management Begins
Habitat Loss - Perennial Problem in Manitoba
   Land Use
   Oxygen Depletion
Reversing the Effects
   The Fisheries Branch has prepared Recommended Fish
Introduced Species - Zebra Mussel Still Poses Greatest Threat
   Zebra Mussels Top the List
   Carp/White Bass Well Established
   Rainbow Smelt Already Here
   Chinese Grass Carp Escape Enclosures
   Zander - More Trouble Than Good
   Black Crappie on Increase
   Mercury - An Enduring Pollution Problem
   Ammonia Threatens Fish in the Red
TRENDS
   Fish populations ..................................... Same
   Fish habitat ......................................... Same
   Influx of non-native species ..........................Worse
   Fish management ...................................... Better
   Public participation ................................. Better
                  

FORESTS

Harvesting Within Allowable Cut
Repap Update
Abitibi-Price Fact Sheet
Model Forest to Highlight Sustainable Development Strategies
Public Stresses Protection, Conservation, Education
   Interest in Private Woodlot Management on Increase
   Forestry Projects Receive $30 Million Injection
   Forest Renewal
   Legislation Amended to Ensure Renewal
   47% Increase in Total Area Renewed
   Trees and Area Planted Almost Triple
   Surveys Reveal Success Rate
   Nursery Management
   Wildfire the Major Cause of Forest Losses
   Geographic Information System
   Dutch Elm Disease Program - Saving Trees and Money
TRENDS
   Fire protection ...................................... Better
   Reforestation ........................................ Same
   Dutch Elm Disease .................................... Same
   Legislation and regulation ........................... Better
   Harvesting ........................................... Same
                  

WILDLIFE

Wildlife Branch Takes New View of Wildlife 
   Hunting to Viewing
   National Policy Reflects Trend 
   Watchable Wildlife 
Populations - What's Really Out There?
Overall Trends
   Data from Other Agencies
   Big Game Surveys Limited
   Fur Harvest Data Poor Substitute for Surveys
   Little Data on Songbirds and other Nonharvested Species
   A Look at the Dollar Side of Wildlife 
   Frogs to Caribou
   Trapping
   Subsistence Hunting Still Important
   Poaching: Perennial Problem
   Habitat - Key to Survival
   Help for Habitat
   The Manitoba Habitat Heritage Corporation
   North American Waterfowl Management Plan
   Habitat Enhancement Land Use Program
   Critical Wildlife Habitat Program
   Conservation Corridor Program
   Highways Guidelines
   Heritage Marsh Program 
   Manitoba Forestry/Wildlife Management Project
   Wildlife Management Areas
   The Endangered Species Act
Spotlight on Special Species
   Loggerhead Shrike - Endangered (ESA)
   Piping Plover - Endangered (ESA)
   Baird's Sparrow - Endangered (ESA)
   Prairie Long-tailed Weasel - Threatened (COSEWIC)
   Western Spiderwort - Threatened (COSEWIC)
   Great Gray Owl - Vulnerable (COSEWIC)
   Polar Bear - Vulnerable (COSEWIC)
   Woodland Caribou
   American White Pelican - No Longer "Threatened"
TRENDS
   Interest in nonconsumptive uses ...................... Better
   Population and habitat information ................... Worse
   Waterfowl populations ................................ Better
   Poaching ............................................. Same
   Habitat programs ..................................... Better
                  

NATURAL LANDS AND SPECIAL PLACES

Manitobans Voice Thoughts On Natural Lands
Update on Natural Lands and Special Places
   Tourism Fact Sheet
Provincial Parks - Setting for Multiple Use
   Interpretive Programs Draw Record Crowds
Public Participation Big Help in Park Management
   Cottagers Clean Up Act
   Landowners Help Protect Ecologically Significant Areas
   Two New National Parks in the Works
   Seal River Earns Heritage Designation
   Outstanding Natural Heritage
Candidate Rivers Studied
Tall-Grass Prairie Restoration Gets Help from Private Sector
Update on Heritage Resources
Act Gives Local Communities Say in Heritage Preservation & Interpretation
Technology Helps Locate Heritage Resources
TRENDS
   Federal parks ........................................ Same
   Provincial parks ......................................Same
   Ecological reserves .................................. Better
   Voluntarily protected ecologically significant areas . Better
   Heritage rivers ...................................... Better
   Protected lands ...................................... Same
   Heritage resources ................................... Better
                  

AGRICULTURE

Farming for Tomorrow - Moving Toward Sustainable Agriculture
   Conservation Practices Catching on With Manitoba Farmers
   What Is Zero Tillage?
   Stubble Burning Down but Still a Problem
   Owing So Much to So Few
   Irrigation Scheme Spares Groundwater Supplies
   Small Dams on Increase in Conservation Districts
Newcastle Disease Threatens Poultry
Pesticide Training Stresses Environmental and Safety Concerns
Weed Resistance a Growing Problem
   New Approaches Tried in Weed Control
TRENDS
   Conservation farming ................................. Better
   Alternative pest control ............................. Better
   Stubble burning ...................................... Worse
                  

ENERGY

Consumption Holding as Energy Efficiency Increases
Where Does It Go?
Energy Workshops Stress Conservation
Facts about energy from the Workbook on Energy Strategy
Acid Rain to Global Warming
Refined Petroleum Products
   Natural Gas
   Oil Spills
Health Effects of Electric & Magnetic Fields - Still a Question
Conawapa Project Shelved
   Conawapa Generating Station
   Bipole III
   Manitoba-Ontario Connection
   Joint Review Panel First of Its Kind
Power Smart
   As of March 1992, five programs were in place:
Gasohol Fact Sheet
Alternative Energy Use Still Minor
   Geothermal
   Transportation Fuels
   Biomass-Produced Energy
   Solar
   Wind
TRENDS
   Total energy consumption ............................. Same
   Energy efficiency .................................... Better
   Carbon dioxide emissions.............................. Better
   Gasoline consumption per capita....................... Better
   Alternative energy use................................ Same
                  

MINING

Developing Our Mineral Resources in an Environmentally Sound Manner
Facts from the Workbook
New Mines and Minerals Act Includes Environmental Provisions on
               Metal Mine Closures and Pit and Quarry Rehabilitation
   Closure Plans for Metal Mines
   Exploration Drilling
   Rehabilitation of Pits and Quarries
Old Gravel Pit to Become Fish & Wildlife Heritage Park
Acid Mine Drainage - An Environmental Challenge
   Submerging Tailings - Cure for Acid Mine Drainage?
Mine Discharges Spawn Successful Trout Fishery
TRENDS
   Legislation .......................................... Better
   Rehabilitating pits and quarries ..................... Same
   Control of tailings .................................. Same
                  

TRANSPORTATION

Cutting Back on Chemicals for Highway Maintenance 
   Seeking Alternatives to Salt
   Turning off Road Oil
   Cutting vs Spraying Weeds
   Replacing Lead-Based Paints
   Seeking Better Road Markings
Update on Transportation
   Roads and Highways
   Rail
   Air
   Boats and Ferries
   Upgrading of Highway 75 an Environmental Exercise
   Winnipeg International Airport Scheduled for Environmental Audit
   Suppressing Noise at Winnipeg International
   Winnipeg Transit Pioneers Methanol Powered Buses
   The Automobile - Environmental Offender
   Noise Barriers Combine Aesthetics With Functionality
Recycling Programs Gain Momentum
   Asphalt Recycling
   Concrete Recycling
   Waste Oil
   Shelterbelt Planting Program Focuses on Rights-of-Way
TRENDS
   Curbing the use of chemicals ......................... Better
   Impact of internal combustion-powered transport ...... Worse
   Airport noise reduction .............................. Better
   Traffic noise ........................................ Better
   Recycling programs in transportation ................. Better
                  

EDUCATION

Environmental Youth Corps - Today's Youth Helping Tomorrow's Environment
   Level of Education Linked to Environmental Protection
   University of Manitoba Offers Environmental Sciences Degree
   Birds Hill School Fosters Enviro Awareness Through Industry Partnership
   Environmental Issues Key at Assiniboine Community College 
   KIDSNET: Encouraging Environmental Awareness and Computer Literacy
ON-SITE Trains Professionals for Jobs in the Environmental Industry
Museum of Man and Nature Previews Future Parkland and Mixedwood Gallery
   Oak Hammock - Conservation Centre to Open
Historic Resources Publishes Tourism Brochures and Edukits
   Conservation Education Key Aspect of Conservation District Work
   Environmental Education Takes New Direction
TRENDS
   Environmental awareness programs ..................... Better
   Environmental information on computer ................ Better
   Emphasis on sustainable development .................. Better
                  

LEGISLATION

Environmental Legislation Continues to Evolve
   Environment Act
   Dangerous Goods Handling and Transportation Act
   Waste Reduction and Prevention Act
   Ozone Depleting Substances Act
   Wildlife Amendment Act
   New Enforcement Policy for Manitoba Environment
   Violations Under Four Resources Acts Cost Offenders $250,000
A Look at the Registry
   Greenhouse Composter (Class 2)
   Natural Products Fermentation Facility (Class 1)
   McCreary Golf Course (Class 2)
   Wildlife Heritage Park (Class 2)
TRENDS
   Environmental legislation ........................... Better
   Enforcement ......................................... Better
   Approvals process ................................... Same
                  

BUSINESS, INDUSTRY, AND GOVERNMENT

Manitoba Businesses Go "Green"
Recycling Symbols - What Do They Mean?
   Can Be Recycled
   Contains Recycled Material
Industrial Opportunities Range from Recycling 
Oil & Plastic to Waste Water
   Perth Services Ltd.
   Enviro-Oil
   Bioclear Technology
   Dranjer
   Bio-Solutions Systems
   Curry Industries
   Faroex
Environmental Industry Sector Expected to Grow by Up to 25% Annually
Public Participation Stressed in Developing Lasting Development Policies
   Plan Winnipeg Embraces Sustainable Development
   "EcoLogo" Flags Products With Fewer Environmental Effects
   Geographic Information Systems - the New Panacea?
   Land Use and Conservation in Rural Manitoba
   Government Cleans Up Its Own House
   Waste Reduction
   Recycling
   Purchasing Decisions
TRENDS
   Opportunities for environmental industries ........... Better
   In-house environmental awareness ..................... Better
   Guidance for consumers ............................... Better
                  

WASTE MANAGEMENT

Update on Recycling
   Used Oil
   Used Tires
   Waste Paper
   Beverage Containers
   How Wasteful Are We?
Systems for Collecting Recyclables - a Time of Growth
   Curbside Collection
   Depot Drop-Off
   Recycling Networks
   Pilot Depot Drop-Off Project Tested in Winnipeg
   Pembina Valley Recycling Network Sets Example
   Regional Waste Management Associations on Increase
   Virden's Community Composting Takes Off
New Regulation Puts Damper on Burning & Other Common Landfill Practices
Liquid Pits - Phasing Out a Messy Problem
$90 Million Agreement Timely for Some Rural Communities
Update on Hazardous Waste
PCBs
Pesticide Containers
Spills
Household Hazardous Waste
Contaminated Sites - Identification is Just the Beginning
   Lead
   Fertilizers
   Petroleum Products
   Central Hazardous Waste Management Facility Finds Home
   Hazardous Waste Audits Cut Waste and Operating Costs
   Winnipeg Substitutes Centrifuges for Sludge Drying Beds
TRENDS
   Capacity to treat hazardous waste .................... Same
   Operation of municipal waste landfills ............... Better
   Waste management legislation ......................... Better
   Per-capita waste generation .......................... Better
   Recyclable waste being recycled ...................... Better
                  

LITERATURE CITED

DID YOU KNOW...?