GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES     REFLECT OUR CULTURAL     AND NATURAL HERITAGE

Visualize each geographical name as the title of a story revealing some aspect of Manitoba's cultural or natural heritage. The romance of the fur trade is remembered in such names as Portage la Prairie, Fort Garry, Norway House and York Factory. The cultural mosaic is illustrated by the names Blumenort, Gimli, Ile des Chênes, Scandinavia, Selkirk, Shamattawa and Zhoda. Among our 16,200 official names are many that suggest a physical characteristic of the landscape, such as Sickle Lake, Eight Foot Falls, Long Point and Hollowrock Island.

Geographical names are not just words on maps and signs, but vital communication tools. Consistency and accuracy are essential in referring to places in the province to prevent confusion in everyday business and recreation.

Westbourne

The names of many communities established during the late 1800s can be traced to their post offices or railway stations. These important service centres were named for postmasters (Holland - A.O. Holland), homesteaders (Morden - Alvey Morden) and Prime Ministers (Laurier - Sir Wilfred Laurier). They were also named for local features (Oak Bluff), hometowns (Petersfield from Petersfield, England) or the settlers' dreams of grandeur (Dominion City). Some were named at the whim of railway officials during construction of main and branch lines. For example, the Canadian National Railway stations westward from Portage Ia Prairie were named in alphabetical order starting with Arona, Bloom, and Caye, ending at Zeneta, Saskatchewan, where the cycle began again with Atwater. Throughout the province runs a unifying thread of interesting and beautiful native names, from Pisew Falls and Sipiwesk Lake in the north to Assiniboine River and Neepawa in the south.

 

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES     BOARD OF CANADA

To address the problems created by duplication and inconsistency in naming practices, the Geographic Board of Canada was created in 1897. Its successor today is the Geographical Names Board of Canada (GNBC).

This board is composed of 28 members representing all provinces and territories as well as various federal departments dealing with surveys, mapping, translation, archives, parks, defence and native affairs.

In Manitoba, the Minister of Conservation is responsible for geographical naming and has delegated the Provincial Toponymist to be the provincial member on the GNBC and to administer the Manitoba Geographical Names Program.

 

MANITOBA GEOGRAPHICAL     NAMES PROGRAM

The program and branch support staff administer and maintain all nomenclature records, an automated names information system, a resource library, supplementary name location maps, a bibliography of name studies and a commemorative names project.

The objectives of the program are: to ensure the application of uniform standards and principles to geographical naming throughout the province, to conduct research on proposed and established names, and to provide an information centre on nomenclature for the use of both government personnel and the general public.

Manitoba Geographical Names Data Base (MGNDB)

The program has used computer technology to develop several data bases. One of the master files is an alphabetical listing of names which provides additional data on the type of feature, the name's approval date and its location references. Examples of other listings generated from the master file are:

• Gazetteer of Canada: Manitoba (1999) - CD ROM
• Gazetteer of Canada: Manitoba (1999)
• separate listings by type of feature, i.e. towns, villages, localities, lakes, islands and rivers;
• names within specific map sheet or rectangular grid areas;
• names approved within a particular time frame;
• rescinded and deleted names; and
• features named after war casualties.

In addition to the maintenance and use of provincial data, access to the Canadian Geographical Names Data Base in Ottawa enables staff to receive information on names anywhere in Canada.

The Commemorative Names Project

The program is continuing to name geographical features after Manitobans who died during war service.

More than 4,150 lakes, rivers, creeks and other landscape features have been named for World War II casualties and 37 after Korean War casualties. Most of these are in remote areas of the province.

Since 1972 the Program has provided a commemorative name certificate displaying approval and location details to the eldest next-of-kin. Duplicates are available at a nominal charge.

 

RESEARCHING     GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

Place names provide the most useful geographical reference system in the world. The study of such names is called "toponymy" from the Greek words 'topos' (place) and 'onoma' (name). Although such a study depends mainly on geography, it is equally concerned with history and linguistics.

The toponymist not only relies on maps and local histories, but interviews local residents to determine the names with established local usage. The exact application of the name, its specific language, its pronunciation, and its origin and meaning are all important facts to be recorded during a name survey.

Pisew Falls, Grass River

Interest in the origin of these names has increased in recent years, often through genealogical and historical research inspired by centennial celebrations and local history projects. The toponymic resource material, if properly analyzed, can reveal patterns of settlement, exploration, commerce, transportation and immigration.

Besides the vast usefulness of names in communication, almost everyone finds something inherently fascinating about place names. Many names tell their own stories: Devils Punch Bowl, Hoop and Holler Bend, Daredevil Hill and Spoon Lake. A keen researcher may come across the first record of such names in a diary, a local history publication, on a map or in a telephone directory. Who knows, that person may be YOU!

Why are some names changed?

Sometimes, geographical names may be changed. The community of Rosenort (near Gretna) was renamed Rosetown to differentiate it from the more prominent Rosenort in the same region of the province. Changes in the form of a name (like Kronstal to Kronsthal) occurred because of local usage and the desire to standardize similar names in the area.

Supplementary name location maps are necessary in maintaining geographical name data. Here a portion of National Topographic System (NTS) map 62H/4, has been amended to show current community names.

Years ago, the perpetuation of unofficial names was commonplace. Today, cooperation between government departments and agencies has established more rigorous standards to avoid indiscriminate use of unofficial names. In the case of Neubergthal, an official decision was necessary to change the spelling from New Bercthal before a new highway sign was erected.

 

PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES

Guiding Principles

Manitoba adheres to the guiding principles and procedures established by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. For proposals of new names or name changes each name is checked and verified as to its spelling, geographical coordinates and compliance with the following principles:

1. Names created by legislation are accepted by the Board.
2. First consideration is given to names with well established local usage. Unless there are good reasons to the contrary, this principle prevails.
3. Names for facilities established by postal authorities, railway companies and major public utilities are accepted, if they are in keeping with the other principles. Such agencies are encouraged to have open communication with the appropriate names authorities.
4. A name decision for a physical or cultural feature should specify the geographical limits of the feature to which the name applies. Future approval of different names with the same generic for a part of the same feature should be avoided.
5. The application of a personal name is not made unless it can be demonstrated that exceptional circumstances exist and it is in the public interest to do so.
6. Where no local names are in use, preferred sources for names are: descriptive names appropriate to the features; pioneers, explorers and historical events connected with the area; names from native languages formerly identified with the general area; and names of persons who died during war service.
7. Names should be euphonious and in good taste.
8. A name is usually adopted in a single language form, and where possible, written in the Roman alphabet. Other forms in use may also be sanctioned by the appropriate names authority. A name derived from languages other than English or French should be written in the best recognized orthography. Names of selected geographical entities of "pan-Canadian" significance are recognized in both English and French for use on federal maps and in federal texts.
   Manitoba recognizes that certain geographical features within the designated French Language Services Areas of the province have well-known names in both official languages. For example, Plum River and Rat River have the equivalent names Rivière aux Prunes and Rivière aux Rats authorized for use on bilingual or French language maps, signs and other official documents.
9. The spelling and accenting of names are in accordance with the rules of the language in which they are written.
10. Names of the same origin applying to various service facilities in a community should conform in spelling with the official name of the community. Names with the same specific for associated features should agree in form and spelling.
11. Duplication of names to the extent that confusion may result should be avoided.
12. A geographical name usually includes both a specific and a generic element. The generic term should be appropriate to the nature of the feature and will be recorded in English or in French, by the names authority concerned.
13. Qualifying words such as "upper"; "west branch"; and "nouveau" may be used in an area to distinguish two or more features with identical specific forms.
14. Except where local and historic usage dictates, the official approval of a name of a minor feature is guided by the relative significance of the feature, the familiarity of the name, and the scale of mapping available.

Procedures for a New Name or a Name Change Proposal

With an understanding of the guiding principles, individuals or organizations may propose a new name or name change for a specific geographical feature. Serious consideration will be given to proposals accompanied by a well-documented justification. This should include specific reasons for consideration, identification on a map or sketch, location by latitude and longitude, and the origin and meaning of the name.

Often comprehensive research is required to determine whether other local names exist for the feature in question. It may include interviews with area residents and government officials, and a search of archival and land records to determine or confirm origin and location data.

Once the name meets the established criteria it is included on a GNBC decision list and duly signed by the Manitoba representative. The name is then entered in the provincial and national automated toponymic data bases and added to the supplementary name location map records. The name becomes available to compilers of maps and other documents when listed in the Gazetteer of Canada: Manitoba, or its Cumulative Supplement. All official maps, plans and publications must use the official names recorded here.

 

HOW CAN YOU HELP?

Reliable and documented information concerning corrections in the use, spelling or application of geographical names on maps and signs, and in other publications is welcomed.

YOU can help by becoming more aware of the names you use each day. Your understanding of their significance will encourage you to share information and to discuss your concerns with our program staff. For instance:

• if YOU doubt the spelling or application of a name on a map or sign;
• if YOU have name origin data to supplement our records;
• if YOU discover that an unofficial name is being perpetuated on maps or signs and in reports and other documents;
• if YOU are researching a geographical name for use in an Order in Council, on a licence, permit or regulation; or
• if YOU require additional information.

PLEASE CONTACT

Manitoba Geographical Names Program
Geomatics Branch
1007 Century Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada  R3H 0W4
Telephone (204) 945-1798 or 945-1032
Fax (204) 945-1365
Email Des Kappel

Or use our on-line contact page.

 

SUGGESTED REFERENCES

Geographic Board of Canada, Place-names of Manitoba, Department of the Interior, 1933.

Canadian Permanent Committee on Geographical Names, Gazetteer of Canada: Manitoba, Geographical Names Section, Mapping Services Branch, Natural Resources Canada, and Land Information Division, Manitoba Natural Resources, 1999.

Historic Resources Branch, The Origin of the Name Manitoba, Manitoba Culture, Heritage and Recreation, 1984.

Ham, Penny. Place Names of Manitoba, Western Producer Prairie Books, Saskatoon, 1980.

Mulligan, Helen and Ryder, Wanda. Ghost Towns of Manitoba, Heritage House Publishing Company Ltd., 1985.

Rudnyckyj, J.B. Manitoba Mosaic of Place Names, Canadian Institute of Onomastic Sciences, 1970.