LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MANITOBA

Monday, March 23, 1992

 

The House met at 8 p.m.

 

COMMITTEE OF SUPPLY

(Concurrent Sections)

 

HEALTH

 

Mr. Deputy Chairperson (Marcel Laurendeau):  Good evening.  Will the Committee of Supply please come to order.  The committee will be resuming consideration of the Estimates of the Department of Health.  When the committee last sat, it had been considering item 1.(b) Executive Support:  (1) Salaries $497,600, on page 82.

Ms. Judy Wasylycia-Leis (St. Johns):  When we were last sitting, the minister was making some comments about the need for more health care reform and in fact was using a quotation about more health care reform, not more dollars.

       I would like to ask some questions about his sense of health care reform in the context of what is happening with respect to our hospitals, at least our urban hospitals.  As I said in my remarks, I do not think there is anyone who disagrees with the need for reform.  There are big questions though about this government's health care reform agenda.

       I indicated that I was having some trouble trying to find my way through this government's series of studies, statements, fairly secretive approaches to health care reform, so it was quite difficult to actually make conclusions exactly about the intentions of this government on reform.  It certainly created for a situation of not being able to get a real handle on plans and intentions.

       I want to ask the minister:  What is the plan that he presented to the urban hospitals as referenced in that memo today from Mr. Rod Thorfinnson, President of Health Sciences Centre, where he references the work of that hospital in response to this government's intention to restructure the system?

Hon. Donald Orchard (Minister of Health):  Mr. Deputy Chairperson, when I indicated this afternoon that we do not need more funding for health care, we need reform, what I was doing was‑‑in case my honourable friend wanted to check the source, that came from a February 20, 1992, news release out of the Province of Saskatchewan, and that was a direct quote of Louise Simard, my counterpart in the new government of Saskatchewan, wherein she said:  We do not need more funding for health care, we need reform.

* (2005)

       In case my honourable friend thought that I claimed the language, no.  I agree with that statement.  It is an appropriate statement.  It is a statement that is being made, I think, across the length and breadth of this nation.  I cannot tell you what that means in Saskatchewan, cannot tell you what that means in Ontario, cannot tell you what that means in Nova Scotia, but in Manitoba, I think if you follow my opening remarks, and I know you did follow the opening remarks, there is an agenda of health care reform which we are embarking upon based on a pretty solid foundation of some research, some analysis of what we have been able to accomplish in the health care system.  In essence, the challenge that we are putting before our health care system is to provide the appropriate service for the citizen requiring care and to provide that appropriate service in the appropriate setting.

       That will mean a shift away from the institution, No. 1, to possibly other institutions.  I will explain that further on in my answer, and also a shift away from the institution into community supported programming.  The service to the individual, to meet the individual's need, is what is preeminent and on the forefront of the agenda for change, and let me give you a specific example.

       I do not know whether my honourable friend has used this as an example, but many have, including the member for The Maples (Mr. Cheema).

       The criticism has been appropriately levelled at government that we ought not to be occupying an average‑cost, $800‑per‑day bed at the Health Sciences Centre with a panelled person requiring either admission to a personal care home or, in some cases, supports in the community.  We think that is appropriate.

       Now, my honourable friend will also recall when she embraced the first report of the Centre for Health Policy and Evaluation, wherein it said that as you see the system change, you have not succeeded in the past or seen success in the past 20 years of making a true change of the system when all of your efforts to replace institutional care with community‑based care have simply led to an increase in funding in the community and no replacement of services in the institution.

       The observation made in the Centre for Health Policy and Evaluation was that to enable the shift to community to take place and to remain, as one moves the funding and the programming from the institution so that the bed is not occupied, the bed, for program purposes, ought not remain open; it ought to be closed.

       That is the process, for instance, that went on in Brandon General Hospital, where the board, through two years of increased funding from this government, initiated outpatient surgery, for instance, initiated substantial programs that built upon increased home care funding so that the occupancy rate of a number of beds within their facility had dropped as low as 51 percent for one ward to 67 percent, 68 percent in other areas of the hospital.

       What the management did was, with those lowered occupancy rates because of replacement of services in the community and double the funding on home care, for instance, in the last four years in Brandon as a city, they closed their beds.  They consolidated wards.  That led to probably 22 or so fewer beds.  I do not know the exact number.

* (2010)

       What in fact you saw was program changes moving services with the patient to the community resulting in a decreased need for those beds and occupancy of those beds in the hospital tracked over 18 months and a subsequent closing of some beds by consolidation of ward functions.

       That is a process that we think has merit and will happen across the system.  That is the essence of the overview of moving the budget and the service with the individual requiring care from the highest‑cost institutions to lower‑cost institutions and/or community.

       In making that process reform and making that process work into the future, there will be a smaller bed count at some of our hospitals and, most notably, at our teaching hospitals.

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  Mr. Deputy Chairperson, the framework is understandable.  We have no quarrels, as I said earlier, with the general approach in terms of moving from institutional to community‑based care.  The reality or the actions of this government, we do have some concerns with and would like some clarification.

       In essence, it appears that we have a scenario of budget reduction targets, bed closure targets and the plan being made to fit the budget requirements.  I say that simply based on the failure on our part to get any clear‑cut answers from this minister about bed cuts and budget cuts for our urban hospitals.

       I would like to specifically ask how the plan, the overall health care reform, so‑called reform plan of this government fits with the specific directives being made currently to urban hospitals, specifically since the minister referenced the teaching hospitals, the directive of 240 beds to be cut from the teaching hospitals as well as the significant budget requirement to be met in terms of this government's so‑called restructuring plans.

Mr. Orchard:  Mr. Deputy Chairperson, my honourable friend agrees with the process; at least that is ostensibly what my honourable friend has just indicated.

 

Point of Order

       

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  I would not want the record to indicate I agreed with the process, or at least this government's process. I indicated that in terms of the broad theory and framework of a health care reform agenda that moves from an institution‑based system to a community‑based system, we have all expressed support for that.  I did not express concern about the process, because I do not know what this government's process is, and that is what I am asking about.

       Mr. Deputy Chairperson:  Order, please.  The honourable member did not have a point of order.  It is a dispute over the facts.

* * *

Mr. Orchard:  Mr. Deputy Chairperson, I did not mean to put words in my honourable friend's mouth that she did not want put there. The member indicates that on behalf of the New Democratic Party, they agree with the concept of moving services from teaching hospitals with the person requiring those services to a lower‑cost institution and/or the community.  I remind my honourable friend that when she agreed with the Centre for Health Policy and Evaluation's report, that they recommended to make sure that you do not parallel fund the system, the beds must be closed, I presume my honourable friend the New Democratic Party critic is agreeing with closing of beds when they are inappropriately used to provide services to individuals in need of service.

       That is what I was saying she agreed to.  If that is not what she agreed to, then we have a fundamental disagreement over what‑‑in fact, my honourable friend is trying to walk both sides of the fence, because I will tell you straight out, that is where we are heading.  When services are moved from a teaching hospital to a lesser‑cost institution or the community, beds that are occupied by those services will be retired from service, closed.

       My honourable friend is nodding her head, understanding that is the process, and I presume she agrees with that.

* (2015)

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  Let me clarify that and then repeat my last question.  Our concern, expressed all along, has been with respect to this government's apparent move toward health care reform using the jargon, using the rhetoric, using the proper words, but without any real understanding of whether or not it is health care reform, so all I am trying to do is get to the bottom of that.  We do not support, and nobody I believe in this room would support, the closure of beds unless you have got the means within the community to provide the services and meet the needs.

       The concern that we have expressed, and I believe many of the hospital administrators in the urban setting have expressed, and many of the health care professionals that the minister is aware of in terms of specialists who have been outspoken, representatives of the MMA who have been outspoken, is they are all asking the question, and we are all asking the question, is this simply a cutback in an attempt to deal with a budget issue, or is there in fact a plan whereby as beds are reduced at any hospital‑‑let us say that we are dealing with the teaching hospitals‑‑as beds are reduced and budgets are cut back, is there an alternative system in place?

       Have provisions been made to deal with people waiting for certain services?  The minister says time and time again the patient is at the centre of his health care reform equation.  I would like to get a sense of that and would ask again, what beds are being asked to be cut?  Let us start with the teaching hospitals.  What provisions have been made to deal with the pressures on the health care system and the means by which one can ensure the patient's needs and the service requirements are actually met?

Mr. Orchard:  Mr. Deputy Chairperson, here the whole honest and open debate is beginning to come unravelled because, all of a sudden now, my honourable friend, when she realizes what the meaning of reforming the health care system, moving from institution to community, means, she now wants to end run the issue so to the community‑based service providers she can say, you know, we support you, we want to do more in the community, and then she will go down to the teaching hospital and say, well, you know, we do not believe any beds should be closed in your institutions.

       Again, my honourable friend would appear to be wanting to try to have it both ways, and that is why I sought clarification, because my honourable friend, in her first answer to me, said that she agreed with the general concept of moving funds with individuals requiring care from high‑cost institutions to lower‑cost institutions to community‑based services.  I reminded my honourable friend in my first answer that that meant the closing of those beds when those services are provided outside of a teaching hospital.  My honourable friend nods her head now but try to not say that is what she meant last time around.

       I am not going to delay the debate, because if my honourable friend does not believe that when you move services from a high‑cost institution such as a teaching hospital to lower‑cost institutions‑‑my honourable friend believes that the beds should remain open and in service and occupied while we double fund the system, in the community as well as in the institution.  My honourable friend is not talking the kind of reform that I am talking about in Manitoba and that every other province is talking about, including three New Democratic Party provinces.

       British Columbia has already one of the lowest acute‑care‑bed‑to‑population ratios in Canada and, I believe‑‑and I will stand corrected‑‑have adopted the royal commission's recommendation to reduce that ratio by 25 percent further reduction in acute care beds.  The reason they are doing that is because the old power symbol of the bed is old think.  That is why I say to you that as the system reforms over a two‑year period of time in the province of Manitoba, you will see beds closed in our higher‑cost institution, and the services that those beds used to deliver to individuals needing care will be moved to lower‑cost areas of the system, be they institution or community.  The beds will be retired from service at our high‑cost teaching hospitals.

* (2020)

       Those are discussions that have been under way, and where we can find lower‑cost opportunities of service delivery, we will exercise today.  In terms of the budgeting process, my honourable friend must surely admit a fairly significant increase to home care.  That is a community‑based service with which we hope to pick up some of those additional costs, and at the same time as beds are retired, for instance, for panelled patients at the teaching hospitals, the budget then becomes a greater enhancement to the community.

       I want to remind my honourable friend that this process in Manitoba is going to be one that is staged over a two‑year period of time, and it is not going to be staged without additional resources going to the hospital.  Out of the $103 million that is the increased budget of my ministry, $53 million of that will go to the hospital sector.  Now that is not a cutback that my honourable friend always uses in her language.  That is an increase in funding to hospitals, acute care hospitals, of $53 million.

       The similar figure this year in Ontario for nine times the population is approximately $75 million.  Now, if a $53‑million increase in Manitoba is a cutback for 1 million people, what would my honourable friend in opposition describe the government of Ontario's $73‑million increase in funding to hospitals serving 9 million people?

       So, you know, I recognize my honourable friend wants to have it both ways in this debate.  She wants to be able to criticize government for moving toward the institution, for retiring beds at our high cost institutions when we replace those services at lower cost institutions and/or in the community, but if my honourable friend persists in making that kind of a criticism, then my honourable friend is really not making an honest statement when she alleges that the party of the NDP in Manitoba believes in that shift in care service delivery and budget, because that is where we are heading.

       The end product and what the hospital configurations will be in terms of bed capacity, I cannot tell my honourable friend as I sit here now because as in the Brandon circumstance, I do not know.  Six months ago, if you had asked me how many beds are going to be closed in Brandon‑‑because the rumours were floating around Brandon at that point in time‑‑I could not have answered the question.  I can today because the management has made their decisions on reorganization within the hospital based on 18 months of analysis.

       The Health Sciences Centre, St. Boniface and other urban hospitals are doing exactly that now.  They have a portion of $53 million in additional funding to pay for their level of services this year, and there is an increase in the Continuing Care budget to access an enhanced level of services in the community.  I think that this is a pretty reasoned and pretty open and pretty informed and pretty clear pathway of reforming the health care system in Manitoba.

       I will put what we have before us in Manitoba before any other provincial jurisdiction in Canada, because it is (a) better funded; (b) better underpinned with research, such as the Centre for Health Policy and Evaluation; and (c) better discussed through the forum of the Urban Hospital Council.  This is not a stage that we are at in health care change that is arrived at on the flip of a coin or instantly.

       We have been working with the hospitals' professional groups and others for four years to develop this kind of an understanding of the system and where the system can change without compromising the individual Manitoban needing care.  We believe we can do it, and we believe that it can be done with minimal disruption to the individual requiring care.

* (2025)

       Now, I want to tell my honourable friend that we will not achieve it without a number of professional groups saying it will not work and crying foul, such as the MMA, but as I reminded my honourable friend Friday and I remind her again today, the MMA has another process that is ongoing right now.  It is called arbitration, and the MMA is before our arbitration board asking Manitobans to pay them for this current fiscal year, '91‑92, a total of 12.1 percent more resource.

       That, with all due respect, is not in the cards.  If that kind of an increase goes out of a limited budget to one professional group, yes, there will be longer lineups for surgery, et cetera, because we are going to be paying more to the physicians to deliver less.  I do not think that this is what any Manitoban would say would be reasonable.  I have not heard my honourable friend's position on that, but I know she will share it with me.

       Now you want to talk about the individuals who are throwing up the alarm bells at the Health Sciences Centre.  We can deal with those too, because I can assure you that some of the information that from time to time becomes public is not necessarily all the information one would want to have at their disposal to make a judgment on the issue and, No. 2, is not always completely without vested interest, that the people who sometimes protest about change are not protesting about change because it might compromise care delivery to individual Manitobans, it might in fact compromise the program line and the program area that they are involved in.

(Mr. Jack Reimer, Acting Deputy Chairperson, in the Chair)

       Those are two different issues, very different issues. Again, I simply indicate to my honourable friend that, as we move through the debate of the Estimates, she will find that we have researched the issue and that we are able to answer most of the reasonable questions that will come forward on the what‑ifs, because we have thought the process through.  We have not given a 1 percent increase in funding to hospitals.  We have given $53 million, so that the process will be reinforced and enhanced and the ability to make it work for the individual requiring care in Manitoba, the opportunity is fully and squarely there.  The only thing that will prevent it from happening is the expression of vested interests commandeering the media and commandeering my honourable friend, the opposition Health critic.

       There are always two sides to the story, and if what we are doing is wrong, then let us talk about what we should change to do it right.  Let us listen to the new ideas, because I am telling you what the process is.  The process is, I believe, the correct one.  It is founded in research.  It has been given an opportunity of funding increase to work, and it can work.  It will work for the individual requiring care.

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  Mr. Acting Deputy Chairperson, the minister is right when he says that sometimes the opposition does not have all the information at its finger tips that it should have, and that is one of the reasons why we are asking some of these questions.

       When I first raised this issue in the House, about the talk of budget reductions and debt cuts at our urban hospitals, I did not have all the right information.  I had in fact from my sources a figure of 250 beds being proposed as a target bed cut for the two teaching hospitals.  It turned out to be, by all other sources, 240 beds.

* (2030)

       My question to the minister is:  On what basis‑‑he says all of the decisions are founded on research‑‑was the 240 beds proposed to the Health Sciences Centre and St. Boniface Hospital as an appropriate target bed cut for this point in time?

Mr. Orchard:  First of all, let me correct my honourable friend when she mentioned budget reductions.  I mean, surely my honourable friend can get that inappropriate language out of her vocabulary.  You cannot call a $53‑million increase in hospital budgets a budget reduction.  That is the first premise where my honourable friend is not right.

       Now, I realize that my honourable friend will persist in using that language, and I can only show my dismay and my frustration, but there are not budget reductions.  There is a 5.7 percent increase that we are debating in these Estimates.  There is $53 million of increase to hospitals throughout the province of Manitoba.

       We do not discuss bed targets in the Estimates process because, as I said to my honourable friend, had you asked me six months ago how many beds will close in Brandon General Hospital in downsizing because of a shift to the community, because of outpatient surgery, because of increased continuing care, the same sort of dynamics that are at play in the Winnipeg hospitals, including the two teaching hospitals, I could not have answered that question, just like I cannot tell my honourable friend that six months from now there will be 50 fewer beds at St. Boniface and 100 fewer beds at Health Sciences Centre, and a year from now it will be 75 and 150.

       I cannot tell my honourable friend the time line and the numbers, but I can tell my honourable friend that both hospitals two years from now will have a reduced bed count because of move of program from those institutions at an average cost of $800 per bed per day to lower‑cost institutions and/or community care, and it will be a reasoned process of shift, of budget, to provide appropriate services in an appropriate setting, be it lower‑cost institution or community.

       I cannot give my honourable friend the absolute numbers that she wants, to do with whatever she wishes tomorrow and the next day and the next day, but I can tell my honourable friend that the numbers at both the teaching hospitals will be less two years from now as we debate Estimates than today.

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  Mr. Acting Deputy Chairperson, I did not ask the minister to tell me how many beds would end up being cut at the end of this process.  I asked him where the 240‑bed‑cut target for the two teaching hospitals came from.  That is a figure which came from either the minister or his deputy minister or someone in his department.  It did not come from the hospitals.  It has been a directive issued to the two hospitals, a figure put before them for serious consideration.  So I am simply asking:  On what basis was that figure based?  On what research is it founded?

Mr. Orchard:  It was founded on the principle that our teaching hospitals undertake care delivery in sections of the hospital for which appropriate and equivalent and sometimes better care can be provided in other locations, such as long‑term care, such as out‑patient surgery procedures, et cetera, such as lower‑risk operations, low‑complication operations which can be carried out in less expensive and less complex teaching hospital areas.

       Those services which can be performed elsewhere in the health care system instead of at the highest‑cost centres in the system, i.e., St. Boniface and Health Sciences Centre, are targeted for delivery in less cost environments.  Again, I harken back to the principle that when we remove a service from a teaching hospital environment and replace that service in a lower‑cost environment, the bed used for the delivery of that service will be closed at the end of the process.

       It is in research, in terms of the complexity of certain illnesses and procedures undertaken at the teaching hospital environment, done by the Centre for Health Policy and Evaluation.  It is looking at panelled patient placement, which we think is less than appropriate in a teaching hospital environment, so that those services and the expense attached to them in an average cost per day are what is being targeted and moved elsewhere.  That is the research that is underpinned.  Now, do you want me to give you some specifics?

       Let us deal with the distribution of cases at Winnipeg hospitals, and let us deal with one illness, pneumonia and pleurisy:  Patients suffering no complications from pneumonia and pleurisy at Health Sciences Centre are 45 percent of their cases; at St. Boniface, 41 percent; and at other hospitals, 37 percent. Those with major complications, in terms of percentage of patients, at Health Sciences Centre with major complications in pneumonia and pleurisy are 15 percent of their patient load; St. Boniface, 16 percent; and the other community hospitals, 18 percent.

       In other words, to take that example around pneumonia and pleurisy, the argument that the teaching hospitals deal with the most complex illnesses is not accurate in that case.  It is a commonly held belief that that is the case, but upon analysis, we find out that is not the case with pneumonia and pleurisy.

       Deal with another one, complexity of cases coming to Winnipeg from rural Manitoba.  This is a one to 100 percentile complex gradient.  In the least complex, rated one to 10, St. Boniface has 36 percent of their cases from outside of the city of Winnipeg in the one to 10 category.  The Health Sciences Centre has 27 percent in the least complex one to 10.  Our other Winnipeg hospitals have 23 percent.  Okay, less than the two teaching hospitals.

       The appropriate analysis made by the experts say that of those least‑complex admissions from rural and northern Manitoba coming to the hospitals in Winnipeg, a third of them go to St. Boniface, better than a quarter to Health Sciences Centre and less than a quarter to other Winnipeg hospitals.  Our cost centres are the two teaching hospitals, and they are dealing with the least complex cases.

       We think that in the interests of providing appropriate patient care at a lower cost to the system, it does not make an unreasonable policy direction to move those cases of the least complexity to lesser cost delivery locations.

       That is where we are discussing with both teaching hospitals how we can change what they do so that they are continuing their excellent role of dealing with the most complex surgical and medical cases that we have in Manitoba.  That is their forte. That is what they are marvellously equipped to do in terms of technology, resource and physician expertise.  Surely my honourable friend must see a little bit of a quandary where 36 percent of rural admissions to St. Boniface are the least complex, over one‑third.

       I will make the case to my honourable friend that we should be undertaking those procedures in Thompson General Hospital, Flin Flon, The Pas, Carman, Steinbach, Pine Falls and at a substantially lower cost per patient day than at our teaching hospitals, and do you know what?  We will not compromise the quality of care one iota in those instances.

* (2040)

       That is the direction that the reform has taken.  That is the kind of research that is underpinning the initiative of moving services and budgets with the patients and with the people requiring care from the teaching hospital environment to lower cost centres of care delivery throughout the province and to the community.

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  Mr. Acting Deputy Chairperson, I appreciate the minister finally answering my question about the 240 beds. He has finally indicated that it was a directive from his department, and that it was based on a number of factors.

       I would like to know if, along with that directive to the hospitals, any decision or recommendation was made with respect to those beds being cut from rated beds, actual beds or setup beds.  Could the minister give us any indication from what target those beds will be cut?

Mr. Orchard:  Mr. Acting Deputy Chairperson, my honourable friend is well ahead of the process, because when I give her an answer of what research underpinned the reform direction of moving services from the teaching hospitals to lesser cost locations and closing the beds at the teaching hospitals, my honourable friend, when she is confounded with the fact that there is research underpinning that policy direction, she then uses a quantum leap in logic, and confirms that, in fact, it is going to be 240 beds, and now she wants to know whether it is from‑‑I do not even know what all those different bed counts mean, so I cannot answer my honourable friend.

       What I will tell my honourable friend again, as we identify those services to admitted patients in the teaching hospitals that can be provided in other areas within the system, and we achieve the move of the service with the patient, the budget will move with the patient, and the bed will close at the teaching hospital.

       Now, that process will take over two years, and as I said to my honourable friend 10 or 15 minutes ago, I cannot give my honourable friend a figure of 50 beds at St. Boniface today, and 100 beds at Health Sciences Centre, and a further 50 and a further 100.  I cannot give my honourable friend that number, but I can give my honourable friend the kind of general policy direction which I believe my honourable friend agrees with, and that is exactly the process that the senior management of the teaching hospitals and the health care system are trying to come around and put parameters to over a two‑year process in which this change we envision can take place.

       Now, is that a good enough answer for my honourable friend?

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  Well, it seems for every little step forward we make in terms of getting some information, I guess we go a couple of steps backward.  The minister did indicate that there was a target, and I use the word target repeatedly in my questions of 240 beds to be cut from our two teaching hospitals.

       He has confirmed that and given us some insights into this government's rationale behind those bed‑cut targets.  He is indicating he cannot be more specific than that, and I am sure if we had long enough and we had enough patience to get through the long answers, we would probably get more detailed information.

       We could then pull apart the details that his department has given to our teaching hospitals about the split, for example, of the 240 beds between the two institutions and he could be more specific in terms of the information about how many beds will be supposedly transferred to Deer Lodge, how many to be transferred to municipal, how many to Concordia and how many to rural hospitals since all of those figures are out there and many officials and individuals in the hospital system are aware of those figures.

       I am sure the minister is quite well aware as well of the difference between rated beds and set‑up beds.  I am sure he knows that there is a big difference between 160 beds being cut off a total of 1,113 rated beds at the Health Sciences Centre as compared to 160 beds coming off a total of 978 set‑up beds at the Health Sciences Centre.

       He knows that there is a big difference in terms of the impact on patient services and on waiting lists for surgery and on the ability of the hospital to continue to provide the same quality of services in areas for which there is clearly identified need and research to establish the requirement for those services.

       I will ask him, though, since the minister has been very clever in terms of the whole issue of the budget and the targets and the reductions and the increases, to clear up a very, I was going to say, quite devious‑‑I will not use the word "dishonest" approach to all of this because I am sure that would be unparliamentary.

       Let me begin by asking the minister, since he talks about his $53‑million increase to hospitals, what will be the final increase to hospitals once they have received the increase, whether it be 4 percent or 5 percent, as the minister indicated in the House the other day, after they have reduced their base budgets by the targets requested of them from this minister and his department?

       I would specifically like to know‑‑and I use the word "reduction" because that is precisely the word used by his own department in referencing the same kind of budget exercise last year for urban hospitals, the target of $19 million, and from his own departmental briefing book, the word targeted "reduction" has been used.  The urban hospitals are faced with the same situation this year and have been asked to find ways to come up with dollars to pay for the unachieved, overall targeted reduction from last year‑‑that is the $19 million.  They have been asked to, of course, accommodate their own deficit situations and deal with that in terms of their base‑line funding, and they have been asked for a new target.  Now the word is no longer for "reduction" purposes but for "restructuring" purposes.

       I would like to ask the minister, when all is said and done, and they have been handed their 4 percent or 5 percent increase and then they have been asked to cut millions from their base‑line budgets, what percentage increase will they be left with?

Mr. Orchard:  I just want to go back because my honourable friend keeps using language that is unbecoming of her stature in the Legislature.  Let us talk about the process.  Am I assuming from my honourable friend's remarks that she believes we should continue with 36 percent of the admissions to one of the teaching hospitals from outside of the city of Winnipeg being in the least complex of medical requirements.  On a scale of one to 100, 36 percent are in the one to 10 percentile, because if my honourable friend believes that this is appropriate, and we ought not even to question it, we ought not even to try and get around that issue and provide the care closer to home in a rural hospital, in the community, if possible, and thereby remove from service the bed required for that 36 percent of admissions from outside of the city of Winnipeg, if my honourable friend says that is not an appropriate goal to try and achieve with the hospitals, then I am afraid there is no point to this debate, because I do not believe that this is an appropriate use of a teaching hospital bed‑‑more than one‑third in the least complex percentile of medical complexity for admissions from outside the city of Winnipeg to a teaching hospital.

       So if my honourable friend‑‑and she is under no obligation whatsoever to say whether government should attempt through reform to change that admission pattern and to say whether in government an NDP government would do the same thing.  She is under no obligation to say that whatsoever, but I want to tell you, silence will speak droves.  If my honourable friend believes that this is an appropriate admission pattern, that we should not do anything to intervene with it‑‑because that is where we are coming at for reform of the health care system, with an underpinning of understanding of what happens.

* (2050)

       I want to tell my honourable friend that every time successive governments have talked downsizing to teaching hospitals, the argument has always been, oh, you know, you really should reconsider that because we deal with the most complex levels of care, and therefore we would compromise the care delivery to individuals being admitted if we were downsized.

       Pretty persuasive argument.  Not accurate, but persuasive, and when we discover the complexity of admissions and we say that this is inappropriate and we lay out a plan to move those services to a more appropriate location, remove the budget with it, close the beds that are used to service those lowest percentile complexity of admissions, all of a sudden my honourable friend seems to be dancing on the head of a pin and not agreeing, all of a sudden.  Well, if my honourable friend does not agree with that as being an appropriate area for reform, including closing of beds at a teaching hospital, then I am afraid my honourable friend (a) does not understand the health care system, or (b) is not honest enough to be direct in saying that those should be pursued in any reform process in the province of Manitoba, because that is where we are coming from.

       Now, to answer my honourable friend's question on specific increases to specific hospitals, I cannot give my honourable friend that information tonight.  As soon as that information is available to specific hospitals, I will provide it to my honourable friend, and it will be when we hit the hospital line.

       Now, let me talk about reductions, because my honourable friend is talking budget reductions again.  Hospitals request a certain amount of money.  Governments provide a certain amount of money which is less.  That is the reduction that they are having to find in their budgets every year, the same thing when it was budgeted when my honourable friend sat around a cabinet table. You did not give the hospitals the percentage of increase they asked for.  You gave them less because that was all you could afford to give them.  That is the same circumstance this year, last year, the year before in the province of Manitoba.

       Now, my honourable friend calls that a cutback, calls that a reduction, et cetera.  Well, I guess if that is the language you want to use, and it is an appropriate language and it is accurate, then our cutback is probably in the neighbourhood of‑‑what?‑‑$50 million, because they requested maybe $100 million in total to the hospitals, you know, rough, rough figures.  So our cutback, by providing $53 million more to the hospitals, was $50 million, using my honourable friend's language.

       Well, let me tell you what the cutback in Ontario was this year.  They requested $560 million, got $73 million, so the big, bad NDP in Ontario cut them back $480 million, if you want to use that language, if you want to use that analogy and that inaccurate presentation of political fact.

       I do not use that kind of language.  We have given them an increase of $53 million in the hospital line.  It is not as much as they requested.  It never will be as much as they request because (a) the taxpayers of Manitoba have said we cannot afford higher taxes and (b) we have said, as government, we cannot afford more deficit financing.  So we are having to make the cloth fit.  In doing that, we have made reductions in other departments across government to put a $5.7‑million increase in health, $101 million, $53 million of which will go to hospitals.

       Now, you know, I simply want to say to my honourable friend, that is not as much as they requested, and that is why we are approaching the change in the health care system from a standpoint of providing services to people needing care in the most appropriate environment, which will also be the least‑cost environment.  We think that makes very good patient sense and very good budget sense.  That is the process that we are involved in.  It will mean a reduced bed count at the Health Sciences Centre and the St. Boniface General Hospital, as our two teaching hospitals.

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  I wonder, if I try a few short questions, if I might get a few short answers.  Let me just ask.  Of the overall targeted reduction to urban hospitals from last year, and this is from the minister's own briefing notes, what was not achieved, and how was the unachieved overall targeted reduction divided up for urban hospitals for this fiscal year?

Mr. Orchard:  I cannot answer that.  I would have, hopefully, that kind of direct answer as we get towards the hospital line later on in the Estimates because, you know, you must appreciate that we have not finalized figures for this fiscal year.  We are debating funding to commence on April 1, and we have not closed the books on this fiscal year yet.  There are going to be some unmet targets.  There are going to be some deficits in the hospitals.  We know that right now.

       As my honourable friend well knows, she sat around a cabinet table in 1987 that issued the directive, there will be no deficits in the hospitals.  That was at the same time that you ordered the closure, without consultation, without discussion, of 119 beds in the hospitals of Manitoba, including the Brandon General Hospital.

       I realize that my honourable friend does not like to recall those glory days of the heady funding of NDP to health care, under Howard Pawley, but that was a policy directive my honourable friend acceded to at cabinet, I presume, because she was a cabinet minister when that directive, obviously discussed around the cabinet table, was made.  She was also a willing partner and agreed to the 119‑bed reduction at four hospitals, Brandon General Hospital being one of them, in 1987, as a budget measure, without consultation.

       Now, I simply say to you that the process we are into right now‑‑I cannot give those definitive answers because we have not closed year‑end, but I simply tell you that there are hospitals which are going to have deficits.  Those deficits, as my honourable friend well knows, are not allowed and must come out of, if they cannot be justified, subsequent years' operations.

       I will not be able to give my honourable friend that answer. I may only be able to give her a ballpark answer as we resume Estimates in the first part of April because we will not have the final figures from the hospitals, but we will have some pretty good ideas.  I will share those with my honourable friend when we hit the hospital line because‑‑unless the NDP is now recanting on the policy they put in place in 1987 of no deficits in the hospital system, I am sure my honourable friend would agree that we have to make the type of management decisions around budget that they envisioned when they put in the no‑deficit policy.

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  Mr. Acting Deputy Chairperson, the minister knows I was not asking about deficits and the policy of this government on deficits or detailed figures on that.  He knows I was asking about his own overall targeted reduction‑‑these were his words, his department's words, with respect to urban hospitals for last year.

       My specific question was‑‑the unachieved portion of that which I understand to be in the neighbourhood of close to $12 million, out of the $19 million, a significant portion has gone unachieved for this fiscal year and has been assigned to individual hospitals for the coming fiscal year.  I had asked him for details on that and for how it was to be divided up for each hospital.

       Let me go on, since I do not expect an answer on that, although it would appear to me reasonable to request this information at this point and unreasonable for the minister to suggest we can only have this information when we get to the line on hospitals.

       However, let me ask one more question on this issue, and that is, the minister has presented to urban hospitals a target similar to the $19‑million budget reduction target for last year, only this time being called a target for restructuring purposes of $15 million for the next two years system‑wide.  I would like to know very simply where this $15 million comes from, what research it is based on and how it will be prorated or divided among urban hospitals.

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Mr. Orchard:  Mr. Acting Deputy Chairperson, these questions are answered at year‑end when we find out whether hospitals have achieved their year's operation, either within the allocated budget, and if not, outside of it; i.e., as a deficit.

       Now, my honourable friend may want an answer today, but I cannot give my honourable friend an answer today that would be accurate.  Then my honourable friend would jump on my frame when the figure changed, so I choose not to play that kind of game with my honourable friend by simply answering that hospitals were asked to operate with given budgets last year.

       Some did, some did not.  Those that did not are in a deficit position.  Deficits, as I indicated to my honourable friend, have not been allowed since 1987, before we were in government.  We agreed with that policy and have carried it on.  That makes the reconciliation of hospitals running deficits more difficult.  The dollar figure of difficulty and which institutions, I cannot give to my honourable friend today.

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  Just a last question on this before I hand it over to the Liberal Health critic.  I would simply ask the minister if he could give us the rationale for the information and the targets he has given to urban hospitals.  On what basis did he provide urban hospitals with a $15‑million restructuring target for the next two years?

       On what basis did he assign the unachieved target reduction to urban hospitals, and what are the details of that specific policy which is clearly at the heart of these current issues, these very controversial, current issues that we are dealing with with respect to the urban hospitals, particularly the Health Sciences Centre?

Mr. Orchard:  Mr. Acting Deputy Chairperson, I am not sure I understand where my honourable friend is coming from now.  Is she saying that the no‑deficit policy is inappropriate now?

 

Point of Order

       

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  I did not reference the question of deficits.  I referenced the question of this government's reduction targets of last year and their targets for restructuring to urban hospitals for the next two years.

The Acting Deputy Chairperson (Mr. Reimer):  The member for St. Johns did not have a point of order.  It is a dispute of the facts.

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Mr. Orchard:  Mr. Acting Deputy Chairperson, a pretty important dispute of the facts, because if my honourable friend now, from the comfort of opposition, is abandoning the policy that her government put in place in 1987, I mean, then just throw away any kind of discipline and control in health care spending.

       The budgets last year were struck to the individual hospitals at less than what they requested.  Some hospitals maintained their operations within that struck budget, others did not. Those will have a deficit.  That deficit will be known at the close of the fiscal year and the consolidation of their financial records.  On the basis of their operations, they have made requests again this year.  Those requests are not being acceded to in the numbers of dollars they asked for versus the number of dollars we can provide.

       In addition to that we are saying, within the health care system and the hospital system in Winnipeg, that a restructuring of the health care system, a reform of the health care system is underway.  It will involve, and I repeat myself for my honourable friend again, moving services which can be delivered in other than a teaching hospital environment to the appropriate, and I would say all of the time lower‑cost environment of another urban hospital, nonteaching, a rural hospital, a personal care home or the community.

(Mr. Deputy Chairperson in the Chair)

       With the move of those services and patients, two things will happen.  Budgets will move and beds will close at the teaching hospitals.  Now, we have been through that.  My honourable friend wanted to know what underpinned it.  I can take her through the percentile of care.  I can take her through pneumonia and pleurisy again.  I will give her another one so that she knows‑‑

Mr. Deputy Chairperson:  Order, please.

 

Point of Order

       

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  I simply asked him for the basis.  I already got an answer for an admission of the 240 beds for the teaching hospitals.  I asked him for a clarification and a rationale behind the $15‑million base‑line cut for urban hospitals that had been designated for restructuring purposes.

Mr. Deputy Chairperson:  Order, please.  The honourable member did not have a point of order, it is a dispute over the facts.

* * *

Mr. Orchard:  Mr. Deputy Chairperson, I appreciate my honourable friend and her attempts in confirming what she wants to believe. That is what she can believe.

       But let me give you another underpinning of where we see the hospital system able to make significant changes in the use of that symbol of power called the bed.  For bronchitis and asthma we have eight urban hospitals where the length of stay for the same complexity of case ranges from five days on average per individual admitted with either bronchitis or asthma in one hospital to seven and a half days in another.  What that means is that hospital "A," in the time that hospital "H" cares for two patients, can care for three.  Do you know what that means?  That means we are inappropriately using acute care beds at hospitals with 50 percent longer stay for the same complexity of case.

       That means the power symbol of the bed is being inappropriately used.  If you bring the average length of stay down to the five, you save, you have empty hospital beds.  You have not compromised the care to the patient.

       Let us deal with psychosis.  If my honourable friend wants yet another example underpinning the reform.

 

Point of Order

       

Ms. Wasylycia-Leis:  Since the minister does not want to answer the question, I am quite prepared to now pass the floor over to the Liberal Health critic.

Mr. Deputy Chairperson:  Order, please.  I would like to remind the honourable member that a point of order is the correct method of calling attention of this committee on the use of unparliamentary language.  It is not correct however to use a point of order to dispute the accuracy of facts stated in the debate.  The dispute over the facts is not a point of order.

* * *

Mr. Orchard:  I want to give my honourable friend one more example, because my honourable friend asks for information and then when the information happens to make sense as to the process we are under, all of a sudden she does not want to hear the information.  That is exactly what has happened here tonight. Every time I have provided my honourable friend with concrete facts as to what is guiding the reform of the health care system, moving services from teaching hospitals to lesser‑cost centres of care delivery without compromising the individual's quality of care, she does not want to hear that.  But she is going to hear that because this is the basis of research for underpinning reform in the health care system.

       Hospital A‑‑for psychoses which are of equivalent seriousness, 24 days in hospital A.  The range goes to hospital F with 39 days.  Bear in mind these are similar patients with similar mental difficulties.  The range of stay goes from 24 days in one to 39 days in the other.  That is a significant use of acute‑care capacity, and one could make the case that there are almost half too many beds in hospital F committed to that treatment of that same illness.  That costs us dollars.  It compromises the ability to reallocate those dollars to more cost‑effective areas of health care delivery when they are being consumed in acute care hospitals for an inappropriate length of time, as the statistics would indicate.

* (2110)

       Now, my honourable friend does not want to listen to those statements of fact, but that is what is happening in our institutions.  That is why we are moving those levels of care to more appropriate locations.

       Do you want to know who is going to kick and scream about it?  First off is going to be the physicians who admit to those hospitals with a length of stay of 39 days versus 24, because all of a sudden, they are going to have to answer:  Why are they significantly different than several other hospitals?  Why is their treatment modality such that they have to keep their patients institutionalized that much longer for no apparent difference in the need of the patient, only in the length of time it took to achieve a similar outcome?  Who is at fault in that circumstance?  Is it government?  Is it the patient?  No, but my honourable friend would want to perpetuate a system that sees that carry on without analyzing and asking for remedy which is appropriate to the patient.

       That is the kind of research that underpins the reform that we are undertaking.  If my honourable friend thinks that it is inappropriate to research that to identify those difficulties, to identify those differences and try to remove them from the system, then my honourable friend does not believe in her own words of urging us on to reform of the health care system.  They are hollow words, and they are a sham.

       I do not happen to think that she comes from that standpoint.  It is just the fact that when one presents legitimate answers to my honourable friend, legitimate research, founded principles that happen to confirm the direction we are taking so she cannot argue against it and make political points in the community and cry cutbacks and reductions and everything else, that in fact she has to, deep in her soul of souls, agree with what we are doing, then, well, I am not supposed to give that kind of information.  Well, I am sorry.  You are going to be asking those questions, and those are the kinds of answers that you are going to be receiving.

Mr. Gulzar Cheema (The Maples):  Mr. Deputy Chairperson, thank you for letting me enter this very interesting debate.

       Certainly I have a number of questions in this area, and I will start with them.  One of the important aspects of the whole health care reform and one of the major areas is the Urban Hospital Council which is chaired by the deputy minister.  I would like the minister to tell us how this committee was instituted, first question.  Second is, how many times has the committee met?  Third, what kind of consultation has taken place?  Fourth, what are the professional groups and who are the health consumers who have actively participated?  Simply, we are seeking some information.

Mr. Orchard:  First question, how did the Urban Hospital Council come about?  I have to say that it had its roots back in January of 1991, where we, government and myself, would meet on a fairly regular basis during the nurses' strike of January.  Through working together at the CEO level and discussing problems in each institution with myself and senior members of government there, my deputy and my associate deputy, we were able to resolve problems in one hospital by sharing resources, whatever.

       I think it is fair to say that the genesis of the Urban Hospital Council was then formally constituted, I think, about May or June of 1991, thereabouts.  Number of times it has met‑‑the council involving the CEOs and my deputy minister and the regional director of Winnipeg services probably has met in excess of a dozen times.  The various committees which are studying the some 40‑plus issues are very much dependent on the issue with emergency hours and the Misericordia Hospital being the one decision.  Those were emergency physicians that were on that committee, and it was chaired by Dr. John Wade.

       Psychiatry‑‑We had our ADM chair that one, and there were psychiatrists on it.  There are issues where there are nurses and other care deliverers that are members of the various study committees.  The last question was?