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Releases for 2009

November 19, 2009
Report of Activities 2009
Geoscientific Map:
MAP2009-1: Geology of the Flin Flon area, Manitoba and Saskatchewan (part of NTS 63K12, 13)
Preliminary Maps:
PMAP2009-1 (part of NTS 63J13)
PMAP2009-2 (parts of NTS 64G1, 8, 64H4, 5)
PMAP2009-3 (parts of NTS 63O8, 9, 63P5, 12)
PMAP2009-4 (parts of NTS 54L13, 54M4, 64I15, 16, 64P1, 2)
PMAP2009-5 (parts of NTS 63O14 and 64B3)
Data Repository Items
DRI2009002 (digital web release only)
DRI2009003 (digital web release only)
DRI2009004 (digital web release only)
DRI2009005 (digital web release only)
Digital re-releases:
Open File Report OF90-2 - Metallic mines and mineral deposits of Manitoba
GIS Map Gallery: New and/or expanded datasets

June 16, 2009
Open Files:
OF2009-1 to OF2009-12*: Airborne geophysical survey of the Great Island and Seal River area, Manitoba (NTS 64P/03, 64P/02, 64P/01 and part of 54M/04, 64I/16 and part of 54L/13, 64I/15, 64I/14, 64I/11, 64I/10, 64I/09 and part of 54L/12, 64I/07, 64I/06, 64I/08 and part of 54L/05, parts of 64I, 64P, 54L and 54M)
* Also released as: Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 6065-6076
Data Repository Item: DRI2009001 (digital web release only)
Williston Basin 3-D Geological Model
Digital re-releases:
PUB 48-3 - Geology of the English Brook area
Report of Field Activities 1984

Geological Reports:
GR80-7 - Surficial geology of the Swan River area
GR87-1 - Geology of the Flin Flon-White Lake area
GR87-3 - Geology of the Barrington Lake-Melvin Lake-Fraser Lake area

April 15, 2009
Open Files:
OF2008-11: CAMIRO Project 97E-02, Thompson Nickel Belt: final report March 2002, revised and updated 2003
OF2009-13: Till geochemical and indicator mineral reconnaissance of southeastern Manitoba (west half of NTS 52E AND 52L and all of 62H and 62I): final results (digital web release only)
Geoscientific Paper:
GP2009-1: Williston Basin Project (Targeted Geoscience Initiative II): Summary report on Mesozoic stratigraphy, mapping and hydrocarbon assessment, southwestern Manitoba
TGI II Williston Basin Project:
Stratigraphic Maps (digital web release only)
Williston Basin TGI II hydrocarbon assessment compilation
Mineral Deposits Database
Erratum: Report of Activities 2008, GS-7

Releases for 2008
Releases for 2007
Releases for 2006
Releases for 2005
Releases for 2004
Releases for 2003
Releases for 2002

Click to view NTS Map



Releases for November 19, 2009


REPORT OF ACTIVITIES 2009

Price: Report only: $40.00, CD-ROM only: $10.00
Free download*

A comprehensive summary of geoscience investigations conducted by the Manitoba Geological Survey in the past year. The report includes new field programs, new digital initiatives, and collaborative ventures with the federal government, universities and the mineral exploration industry. The Report of Activities provides industry with the most current geoscience information available to help focus exploration strategies and assist with mineral investment decisions for the coming year. (220 p.)

To Order Report

To Order CD

* PDFs of the entire Report of Activities 2009 are available for download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/geo/field/index.html

 

GEOSCIENTIFIC MAP SERIES

MAP2009-1

Geology of the Flin Flon area, Manitoba and Saskatchewan (part of NTS 63K12, 13)
by R-L. Simard1, K. MacLachlan2, H.L. Gibson3, Y.M. DeWolfe4, C. Devine5, P.D. Kremer1,
B. Lafrance3, D.E. Ames6, E.C. Syme1, A.H. Bailes7, K. Bailey3, D. Price8, S. Pehrsson6, E. Cole3,
D. Lewis3 and A.G. Galley6
(colour map, scale 1:10 000)

1 Manitoba Geological Survey, Winnipeg, Manitoba
2 Saskatchewan Ministry of Energy and Resources, Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Regina, Saskatchewan
3 Mineral Exploration Research Centre (MERC), Department of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario
4 Department of Earth Sciences, Mount Royal University, Calgary [formerly Mineral Exploration Research Centre (MERC), Department of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario]
5 Hudson Bay Exploration and Development Company Limited, Flin Flon, Manitoba
6 Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
7 Bailes Geoscience, Winnipeg, Manitoba [formerly Manitoba Geological Survey, Winnipeg, Manitoba]
8 Consultant, Flin Flon, Manitoba

Price: Print copy in press; available for back-order only; $15.00
Free download*

To Order

This 1:10 000 scale bedrock geological map for the Flin Flon mining camp is the result of a five-year collaboration between the Manitoba Geological Survey, the Saskatchewan Geological Survey, the Geological Survey of Canada, researchers from Laurentian University, and Hudson Bay Exploration and Development Company Limited. A coherent lithostratigraphic and structural framework now spans the provincial border and has resulted in recognition of the volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS)–hosting stratigraphy in areas well outside the immediate mine surroundings. An improved understanding of the importance of subsidence structures and associated high-temperature hydrothermal alteration in the generation of the VMS deposits has led to recognition of exploration potential in the hangingwall in both Saskatchewan and Manitoba.

* A PDF of this map is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/MAP2009-1.pdf. (11.4 MB)

 

PRELIMINARY MAP SERIES

PMAP2009-1

Geology of the McLeod Road–Birch Lake allochthon, Herblet Lake (Southeast Bay), Snow Lake area, Manitoba (part of NTS 63J13)
by S. Gagné (1 colour map, scale 1:10 000)

Price: $10.00
Free download*

To Order

* A PDF of this map is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/PMAP2009-1.pdf (1 MB)

PMAP2009-2

Bedrock geology of the Partridge Breast Lake belt, Manitoba (parts of NTS 64G1, 8, 64H4, 5)
by P.D. Kremer, M.T. Corkery and P.G. Lenton (1 colour map, scale 1:50 000)

Price: $10.00
Free download*

To Order

* A PDF of this map is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/PMAP2009-2.pdf

PMAP2009-3

Bedrock geology of the Paint Lake area, Manitoba (parts of NTS 63O8, 9, 63P5, 12)
by C.G. Couëslan (1 colour map, scale 1:20 000)

Price: $10.00
Free download*

To Order

* A PDF of this map is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/PMAP2009-3.pdf

PMAP2009-4

Bedrock geology of the Great Island area, Manitoba (parts of NTS 54L13, 54M4, 64I15, 16, 64P1, 2)
by S.D. Anderson, C.O Böhm, E.C. Syme, A. Carlson and L.A. Murphy (1 colour map, scale 1:75 000)

Price: $10.00
Free download*

To Order

* A PDF of this map is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/PMAP2009-4.pdf

PMAP2009-5

Geology of the Notigi–Wapisu lakes area, Northeast Kisseynew subdomain, Manitoba (parts of NTS 63O14 and 64B3)
by L.A. Murphy and H.V. Zwanzig (1 colour map, scale 1:20 000)

Price: $10.00
Free download*

To Order

* A PDF of this map is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/PMAP2009-5.pdf

 

DATA REPOSITORY ITEMS

DRI2009002

Water chemistry results from domestic water wells in the Pembina Hills region, southwest Manitoba (parts of NTS 62G)
by M.P.B. Nicolas and S.E. Grasby (Microsoft® Excel® file)

To accompany:
Nicolas, M.P.B. and Grasby, S.E. 2009: Water and gas chemistry of Cretaceous shale aquifers and gas reservoirs of the Pembina Hills area, Manitoba (parts of NTS 62G); in Report of Activities 2009, Manitoba Innovation, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. 175-182 .

Digital web release only
Free download*

* This Data Repository Item is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/DRI2009002.xls (674 KB)

DRI2009003

Rock Eval™ 6 results from Cretaceous shale outcrop and core samples from phase 1, Shallow Unconventional Shale Gas Project, southwest Manitoba
by M.P.B. Nicolas and J.D. Bamburak (Microsoft® Excel® file)

To accompany:
Nicolas, M.P.B. and Bamburak, J.D. 2009: Geochemistry and mineralogy of Cretaceous shale, Manitoba (parts of NTS 62C, F, G, H, J, K, N): preliminary results; in Report of Activities 2009, Manitoba Innovation, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. 165–174.

Digital web release only
Free download*

* This Data Repository Item is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/DRI2009003.xls (718 KB)

DRI2009004

Semiquantitative x-ray diffraction results from Cretaceous shale outcrop and core samples from phase 1, Shallow Unconventional Shale Gas Project, southwest Manitoba
by M.P.B. Nicolas and J.D. Bamburak (Microsoft® Excel® file)

To accompany:
Nicolas, M.P.B. and Bamburak, J.D. 2009: Geochemistry and mineralogy of Cretaceous shale, Manitoba (parts of NTS 62C, F, G, H, J, K, N): preliminary results; in Report of Activities 2009, Manitoba Innovation, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. 165–174.

Digital web release only
Free download*

* This Data Repository Item is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/DRI2009004.xls (694 KB)

DRI2009005

Geochronological data of the Notigi–Wapisu lakes area, Kisseynew Domain, Manitoba (parts of NTS 63O14, 64B3)
by N. Rayner1 (Microsoft® Excel® file)
1 Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0E8

To accompany:
Murphy, L.A., Zwanzig, H.V. and Rayner, N. 2009: Geology of the Notigi–Wapisu lakes area, Kisseynew Domain, Manitoba (parts of NTS 63O14, 64B3); in Report of Activities, Manitoba Innovation, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. 69–84.

Digital web release only
Free download*

* This Data Repository Item is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/DRI2009005.xls (750 KB)

 

DIGITAL RE-RELEASES

The MGS is in the process of digitizing reports and maps that were previously only available in print copy or were out-of-print. The following publication is now available in digital format for free download:

Open File Report OF90-2
Metallic mines and mineral deposits of Manitoba / J.D. Bamburak, published 1990.
Free download at:
http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/OF90-2.pdf
(21.2 MB)

 

GIS MAP GALLERY

New and/or expanded datasets:

  • mineral deposits dataset expanded to include new far north data
  • downloadable geophysics layers updated to include more data

Access the GIS Map Gallery at www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/geo/gis

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Releases for June 16, 2009

OPEN FILES

OF2009-1 to OF2009-12*

Airborne geophysical survey of the Great Island and Seal River area, Manitoba (NTS 64P/03, 64P/02, 64P/01 and part of 54M/04, 64I/16 and part of 54L/13, 64I/15, 64I/14, 64I/11, 64I/10, 64I/09 and part of 54L/12, 64I/07, 64I/06, 64I/08 and part of 54L/05, parts of 64I, 64P, 54L and 54M)
by R. Fortin1, M.Coyle1, J.M. Carson1 and F. Kiss1

120 colour maps, scale 1:50 000 (12 open files, 10 sheets each)

* Also released as: Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 6065-6076
1 Geological Survey of Canada (GSC)

Price for DVD of all maps: $10.00 (note: this DVD is available from the Manitoba Geological Survey only)

To Order

A gamma-ray spectrometric and aeromagnetic airborne geophysical survey of the Great Island and Seal River area, Manitoba, was completed by Sander Geophysics Limited. The nominal traverse and control line spacings were, respectively, 400 m and 2 400 m, and the aircraft flew at a nominal terrain clearance of 125 m at an air speed of 250 km/h. Traverse lines were oriented 180° with orthogonal control lines.

Each Open File will consist of ten sheets:
Sheet 1: Natural Air Absorbed Dose Rate - Taux d'absorption naturel des rayons gamma dans l'air
Sheet 2: Potassium
Sheet 3: Uranium
Sheet 4: Thorium
Sheet 5: Uranium / Thorium
Sheet 6: Uranium / Potassium
Sheet 7: Thorium / Potassium
Sheet 8: Ternary Radioelement Map - Diagramme ternaire des radioéléments
Sheet 9: Residual Total Magnetic Field - Composante résiduelle du champ magnétique total
Sheet 10: First Vertical Derivative of the Magnetic Field - Dérivée première verticale du champ magnétique

This airborne geophysical survey and the production of these maps were funded by the Geo-Mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) Program of the Earth Sciences Sector, Natural Resources Canada.

Zip files of these maps are available to download free of charge in the table below.

NTS sheets  
NTS area
GSC Open File
MGS Open File
64P/03
6065
64P/02
6066
64P/01 and part of 54 M/04
6067
64I/16 and part of 54L/13
6068
64I/15
6069
64I/14
6070
64I/11
6071
64I/10
6072
64I/09 and part of 54L/12
6073
64I/07
6074
64I/06
6075
parts of 64I/08 and 54L/05
6076

Digital versions of this map and the corresponding digital line data, gridded geophysical data and anomaly listings by individual survey areas may be downloaded, at no charge, from Natural Resources Canada’s Geoscience Data Repository for Geophysical and Geochemical Data at http://gdr.nrcan.gc.ca/aeromag/.

The map and digital data are also available, for a fee, from the Geophysical Data Centre, Geological Survey of Canada, 615 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0E9,
Telephone: (613) 995-5326, email: infogdc@agg.nrcan.gc.ca.

DATA REPOSITORY ITEM

DRI2009001

Operation Superior: multimedia geochemical survey results northeast of the Knee Lake greenstone belt, northern Superior Province, Manitoba (NTS 53M, 53N)
by M.A.F. Fedikow, E. Nielsen, G.G. Conley and P.G. Lenton

Digital web release only
Free download*

ZIP file containing PDF of introductory text, Excel tables of analytical data and shape files

This Data Repository Item presents the analytical results of rock, till, soil, humus, vegetation and kimberlite indicator mineral surveys conducted northeast of the Knee Lake greenstone belt of northeastern Manitoba in 2001. The geochemical results are presented as tabular data and shape files are included for all media, methods and elements.

* This Data Repository Item is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/DRI2009001.zip

WILLISTON BASIN 3-D GEOLOGICAL MODEL


This model is a product of the Targeted Geoscience Initiative II (TGI II) Williston Basin Architecture and Hydrocarbon Potential Project (www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/geo/willistontgi/3dmodel.html).  It is based on a dataset of unit tops from 9012 wells and mapped unit edges derived from legacy mapping and drillhole intercepts.  Of the 60 geological units in the Williston Basin project, 42 were modeled, including the Precambrian surface. The SRTM DEM* representing ground surface was also included. The model was produced using Gocad® earth modeling software. A free 3-D viewer (Geocando) is now available to query, view and rotate the 43 surfaces, individually or grouped.

* Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Digital Elevation Model

Available for download

  1. AVI movie depicting the 43 surfaces being added from Precambrian to Quaternary.
  2. PPS PowerPoint presentation on the state of 3-D modeling in Manitoba.
  3. Free object viewer (Geocando) to open and manipulate Gocad® 3-D objects.
  4. Zip file containing Gocad® objects in ASCII format (43 surfaces, 42 unit top point datasets, and cultural data for reference) and a project file which can be directly opened in Gocad® or Geocando for viewing and manipulation.

This model is a valuable tool for geologists, geophysicists and engineers working in petroleum exploration and development, enhanced oil recovery, potash exploration and development, hydrogeology, basin analysis and basin stratigraphy. It enables users to view the region on a large scale and see the relationships between the mapped units, regional trends and basin architecture.

DIGITAL RE-RELEASES

The MGS is in the process of digitizing reports and maps that were previously only available in print copy or were out-of-print. The following publications are now available in digital format for free download and/or for purchase on CD-ROM:

PUBLICATION

PUB 48-3
Geology of the English Brook area / by G.A. Russell, published 1949. Print copies are no longer available.
Free download at:
http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/PR48-3.zip

GEOLOGICAL REPORTS

GR80-7
Surficial geology of the Swan River area / by E. Nielsen, published 1988.
CD-ROM contains the report and accompanying map in PDF. Due to the size, the map is not available for download, but is available for viewing in the Mineral Resources Library. Print copies are no longer available.
Price for CD-ROM: $5.00
Free download of report only:
http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/GR80-7.pdf

GR87-1
Geology of the Flin Flon-White Lake area / by A.H. Bailes and E.C. Syme, published 1986.
CD-ROM contains the report and accompanying maps in PDF. This report will not be available for free download. Print copies of this report are still available.
Price for CD-ROM: $5.00

GR87-3
Geology of the Barrington Lake-Melvin Lake-Fraser Lake area / by H.P. Gilbert, published 1993.
Digital version available as free download only. Print copies of this report are still available.
Free download at:
http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/GR87-3.zip

REPORT OF ACTIVITIES

Report of Field Activities 1984, published 1984.
Digital version available as free download only.  Print copies are no longer available.
Free download at:
http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/geo/field/roa84pdfs/rofa1984.pdf

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Releases for April 15, 2009

OPEN FILES

Open File OF2008-11

CAMIRO Project 97E-02, Thompson Nickel Belt: final report March 2002, revised and updated 2003
by M. Burnham, N. Halden, L. Heaman, D. Layton-Matthews, M. Lesher, J. Liwanag, N. Machado, D. Michalak, D. Peck, A. Potrel, K. Toope and H. Zwanzig

434 p. report includes 187 figures and 29 tables (PDF files) + 11 appendices (Word/Excel files) + GIS shape files for use with ArcInfo® on CD-ROM

Price: $10.00

To Order

The Proterozoic Thompson Nickel Belt (TNB) of north-central Manitoba represents a highly prospective exploration target that hosts several world-class Ni-Cu sulphide deposits. This Open File is the final summary report for CAMIRO Project 97E-02, a comprehensive, multiyear study of the TNB that includes most of the information in previous reports and summarizes all of the interpretations for the project.

Note: Published by the Manitoba Geological Survey on behalf of the Canadian Mining Industry Research Organization (CAMIRO)
GIS data

OF2009-13

Till geochemical and indicator mineral reconnaissance of southeastern Manitoba (west half of NTS 52E AND 52L and all of 62H and 62I): final results
by L.H. Thorleifson1, G.L.D. Matile2, G.R. Keller2, and S. A. Hauck3

1 Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa ON K1A 0E8 (Present address: Minnesota Geological Survey, 2642 University Ave W, St Paul, MN 55114; 612-627-4780 ext 224; thorleif@umn.edu)
2 Manitoba Geological Survey, 360-1395 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg
3 Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth

Digital web release only
Free download*

Till geochemical and indicator mineral reconnaissance, in support of mineral exploration and other applications, was conducted by Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Geological Survey in the 1990s as one phase of overburden drilling, and two rounds of surface till sampling, over southeastern Manitoba in the area south of 51°N and east of 98°W. Drilling was supported by the Canada-Manitoba Partnership Agreement on Mineral Development, while the two phases of surface till sampling were funded by the National Geoscience Mapping Program (NATMAP). Phase one data, related to the drilling and the first round of surface till sampling, were released in 1993, including data for INAA and ICP analyses of till matrix and heavy mineral concentrates, indicator minerals, and lithology. The second phase of surface sampling was completed in 1998, but data release awaited completion of mineral chemistry. With the completion of these analyses by the University of Minnesota Duluth in cooperation with the University of Minnesota Twin Cities in early 2009, data from both phases were combined, and are now released.

* A zip file of this release is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/OF2009-13.zip. (56 MB)


GEOSCIENTIFIC PAPER SERIES

GP2009-1

Williston Basin Project (Targeted Geoscience Initiative II): Summary report on Mesozoic stratigraphy, mapping and hydrocarbon assessment, southwestern Manitoba
by M.P.B. Nicolas (19 p. + appendix)

Price: $5.00
Free download*

To Order

The Targeted Geoscience Initiative II Williston Basin Project developed a seamless geological model of Paleozoic- and Mesozoic-age rocks from basement to outcrop in an area that includes most of the Phanerozoic succession present in both eastern Saskatchewan and southwestern Manitoba. Using a database consisting of geological picks from more than 9000 drillholes, most of them penetrating the entire Mesozoic strata, selected wells (averaging five wells per township) were used to create a series of structural and isopach maps. This report discusses stratigraphic relationships, structural and isopach contour-map trends, and major potential hydrocarbon reservoirs and play types for the Mesozoic formations in Manitoba. Rock-Eval® geochemistry results for selected Cretaceous units are included.

* A zip file of this release is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/info/libmin/GP2009-1.zip. (964 KB)


TGI II Williston Basin Project

39 stratigraphic maps (structure and isopach) of the Mesozoic
(released December 2008)

Digital web release only
Free download*

The Stratigraphic Map series from the TGI II project provides seamless 1:1 000 000 maps of the project area, including structure and isopach maps, mapping a total of 56 different horizons from the Mesozoic and Paleozoic. The maps were drawn from a database containing a comprehensive list of formation tops from a total of 9012 wells, which includes 2606 wells from Manitoba, 5046 wells from Saskatchewan, 771 wells from North Dakota, and 589 wells from Montana.

* PDFs of these maps are available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/geo/willistontgi/maps.html


Williston Basin TGI II hydrocarbon assessment compilation
by M.B.P. Nicolas and J. Coolican

GIS compilation of oil and gas showings, wells, field and pool boundaries with geological base

* This release is available to download free of charge at http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/geo/willistontgi/hydro.html

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Mineral Deposits Database
by G.G. Conley, T.H. Heine, D.E. Prouse, P. Leskiw et al.

Searchable, GIS-based online database of all mineral deposit and occurrence data compiled from the Mineral Deposit Series and Mineral Inventory Cards

This database can be accessed here: http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/geo/gis/databases.html

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ERRATUM
Report of Activities 2008

GS-7  Hydrothermal alteration and metamorphism of the Sherridon structure, Sherridon area, Manitoba (part of NTS 63N3)

by D.K. Tinkham and N. Karlapalem 

These figures have been revised and the updated report can be downloaded free of charge at
http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/geo/field/roa08pdfs/GS-7_revised2009.pdf :

Figure GS-7-3: “Trace-element classification diagram based on relatively immobile element ratios for the main rock types in the field area, excluding pegmatite and late intrusive rocks (boundaries from Pearce, 1996)” p.83

Figure GS-7-4: “Chondrite-normalized rare earth element profiles for a) least-altered samples from the garnet-cordierite-sillimanite-biotite gneiss (GCSB) unit (circles) and paleosome from the migmatitic gneiss unit (triangles) that do not contain obvious leucosome in hand sample; b) altered samples from the GCSB with relatively high SiO2; two samples with higher (La/Yb)N are dashed for clarity; c) samples from the biotite-bearing to biotite quartzofeldspathic gneiss subunit (BQG) with no apparent premetamorphic hydrothermal alteration, except for possible silicification; and d) typical garnet-biotite gneiss unit samples. Chondrite-normalization values are from Boynton (1984).” p.84

Figure GS-7-5: “High-field-strength-element ratio tectonic discrimination diagrams for rhyolite in VMS settings (from Schandl and Gorton, 2002): a) Th/Ta versus Ta/Yb plot; b) Th-Hf versus Ta/Hf plot. The diagrams show that ratios of the garnet-biotite gneiss are distinctly different from those of other felsic gneisses likely derived from rhyolite or dacite. Abbreviations: ACM, active continental-margin; MORB, mic-ocean ridge basalt; WPB, within-plate basalt; WPVZ, within-plate volcanic zones.” p.85

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