Standards for employees working on a farm in the primary production of agricultural products.
Employment Standards in Agriculture at a glanceThe chart below lists the most common employment standards provisions and to whom they apply in agriculture:
Are farm workers covered by the Employment Standards?Yes, general farm workers who work on a farm directly in the production of agricultural products are covered by the employment standards code, but only for specific provisions. General farm workers must be paid according to the employment standards code in regards to:
Does this include family members working on a farm owned by someone in the family?No, the legislation excludes family members working on a farm owned by a member of the family. The employer must still keep records, pay what was promised and follow the rules regarding equal wages for men and women, however the rest of the minimum standards do not apply.Who are considered family members?Family is defined very broadly for Employment Standards purposes. Children, stepchildren, parents, grandparents, spouses, common law spouses, brothers, sisters, step-brothers, step-sisters, aunts, uncles, nieces and nephews are all considered family. The definition also includes those who are not related, but are considered a family member.What about farms owned by a family farm corporation?Employees of a family farm corporation are considered to be working for their family if the corporation is controlled by one or more members of the employee’s family.
What about employees who spend one season in climate controlled facilities, and the rest of the year working both indoors and outside?The question that must be asked is what was the employee hired to do? If they are hired to work a combination of outside on the farm and inside a climate controlled facility, they would not be entitled to protections regarding overtime, hours of work, general holidays or wages for reporting to work.For example, an employee of a vegetable farm, who works outside tending to the crop for part of the year, and then works in a climate controlled facility during the winter for grading, packaging and shipping, would not be employed all or substantially all of their time in a climate controlled facility. How often must employees be paid?Employees must be paid at least 2 times per month. They must be paid within 10 days of the end of a pay period.What records are employers required to maintain?Employers must keep records for all employees that show:
What are the rules regarding equal pay?Generally employers determine the wage rate for their employees. Employers can not have separate wage schedules for male and female employees if the kind or quality of work and the amount of work required and done by, the employees is the same or substantially the same.What is the minimum wage?On October 1, 2009 the minimum wage became $9.00 per hour.Do employees need to give notice of termination?Yes, employees who have been employed by an employer for at least 30 calendar days but less than one year, must give at least one week's notice before the last day they plan to work. After employees have completed one full year with the same employer, at least two weeks notice is required.Do employers need to give notice of termination?Yes, when employers wish to terminate employees they must give notice of termination or pay wages equal to what would normally be earned during the notice. This is often called wages in lieu of notice. The notice period varies depending how long employees have worked.How much notice of termination must employers give to their employees?The amount of notice employers must provide employees depends on the length of time that employee has worked for them.
Employers can still either allow the employee to work out this notice period, or pay wages in lieu of notice, for the same number of weeks. Can employers pay wages instead of providing notice of termination?Yes, employers can either allow employees to work out the notice period, or pay wages in lieu of notice. Employers can also allow employees to work part of the notice and pay wages in lieu of notice for the remainder.Is there a no-notice period?When the period of employment has been less than 30 days the legislation states that employers and employees have the right to end the working relationship without notice.Are there times employers and employees do not need to give notice of termination?There are some cases where employers or employees, do not need to give notice of termination:
Are employers required to give notice to seasonal employees?It depends. Employers are not required to provide notice of termination at the end of the season, if the employees are told when they are hired that the position is subject to seasonal layoffs and the job will end at the end of the season. However if an employee is terminated before the end of the season the appropriate notice would apply. Employers are not under any obligation to rehire an employee who was released at the end of the season.How is the period of employment calculated in regard to termination for seasonal employees?Employees who are laid off at the end of the season and are rehired at the beginning of the next season are considered to have continuous employment for termination. Therefore, if an employee worked for the same employer for 6 seasons, and in the middle of the seventh season was terminated they would be entitled to notice or pay in lieu of notice of six weeks.How old must a person be to work?Generally, children under 12 years old are only allowed to work for an employer in exceptional circumstances. Employees under 16 years old must have a permit from the Employment Standards Branch before they can work.How do I apply for an employment permit?An application form can be found on the web site at www.manitoba.ca/labour/standards/forms.html or by contacting the Employment Standards Branch. The application requires information from the applicant, a parent/guardian, the school principal and the employer. The completed form can be taken, mailed, or faxed to the nearest Employment Standards Branch office.How long is a vacation?After completing one year with an employer employees must receive two weeks of vacation. After completing their fifth year of work with the same employer, employees must receive three weeks of vacation.What are employees paid while on vacation?Vacation pay is calculated based on the earnings in the previous year. For each week of vacation, employees earn two per cent of their gross wages as vacation pay. For example: employees who earn two weeks of vacation receive four per cent of their gross wages as vacation pay. Employees with three weeks vacation receive six per cent of their gross wages as vacation pay.Can employers pay vacation pay on every pay cheque?Employers may pay vacation pay on every pay cheque. Employees are still entitled to take time off as vacation, but do not receive any additional vacation pay while they are off, because it has already been paid on each cheque.How is the period of employment calculated in regard to vacation for seasonal employees?Employees who are laid off at the end of the season and are rehired at the beginning of the next season are considered to have continuous employment for vacation. Therefore, an employee is entitled to 2 weeks vacation and 4% of their wages as vacation pay after the first four seasons, and is entitled to 3 weeks of vacation and 6% of their wages as vacation pay once they have completed 5 seasons with the employer.How often must employees receive a break?Employees are entitled to a 30 minute unpaid break after 5 hours of work. The employee must be free from duties while on their break. Some employees choose to work through the break period, employers should be clear that an employee can take an unpaid break if they wish after working for 5 hours. If the employer and employee agree that the employee will work through the break, the employee must be paid for the time worked.How often must employers provide a day of rest?Employees are entitled to one day of rest each week. The week is a seven day period, so an employee could work up to 12 days in a row without a day of rest. Employees can choose to work, instead of taking their day of rest if requested to do so by their employers; however they must be given a day of rest if they wish. There is no requirement for the day of rest to be scheduled. If employees are unable to work one day of the week because of weather, that day would be their weekly day of rest. What types of leave are available to employees?There are six unpaid leave options for employees
How long must employees work before they qualify for the leave?For family leave, bereavement leave and compassionate care leave, employees must work for the same employer for 30 days to qualify for leave.For reservist, maternity and parental leave, employees must work for the same employer for seven consecutive months to qualify for leave. Does the employer pay during the leave?No, the legislation only requires employers to provide time off and allow employees to return to their job when the leave has ended. Employers are not required to pay wages during the leave. Employers can, and often will, give greater benefits than those provided for in the legislation.Can employers take any deductions from employees’ wages?Employers can deduct:
What types of things cannot be deducted from employees’ wages?Employers cannot deduct the costs of:
Employer FlexibilityThe Employment Standards Code establishes the minimum standards for employees and employers in the workplace. The legislation does consider that a degree of flexibility is required in the workplace and that employers need to be able to administer the wages and benefits they provide in a way that makes sense for them.
Generally employers and employees can agree to terms and conditions of employment, provided they do not go below the protections in the Employment Standards Code.
The following sections provide information on employer rights and flexibility in the workplace that allow employers to manage their operations.
Who controls scheduling of the hours of work?Generally employers control all scheduling in the workplace. They determine when employees should work and how often they should work. Often the scheduling is done in co-operation with the employees, but ultimately it is the employer's decision. Since employers control scheduling, they also control the weekly day of rest and when employees receive breaks.Does an employee decide when they are going on vacation?The employer controls scheduling, and this includes when an employee will take their vacation. Operational needs may require that employees take their vacation during slow periods. The employer and employee often discuss when an employee wants to take vacation, but in the end it is the employer’s decision.
If the employee and employer can not agree when the employee will take their vacation, the employer can tell the employee when they will take their vacation. The employer must provide at least 15 days notice of when the employee will take their vacation. When an employer tells an employee when their vacation will be, that vacation can not be shorter than one week.
Is there flexibility in non monetary issues like breaks and weekly day of rest?Yes, the employer does control scheduling and has some flexibility regarding when employees take their break or get a day off. Some employees do not want to take their breaks or, especially in seasonal industries, want to work on their day off if there is work available. When employees, if requested by the employer, choose to work through their breaks, or do not take a day off, they must be paid properly. Employers should discuss the importance of the rest period and breaks with their employee, and should they still wish to work through the break clearly determine how it will effect their pay.
For more information contact the Employment Standards Branch:
This is a general overview and the information used is subject to change. For detailed information, please refer to current legislation including The Employment Standards Code and The Worker Recruitment and Protection Act, or contact the Employment Standards Branch to ask for advice. Date Published: October 1, 2009 |
