Beef
Manitoba is home to Canada's third largest beef cow herd, representing 11 per cent of the national herd. Our province’s vast natural grasslands are ideal for cow-calf production. Seventy-seven per cent of Manitoba's beef cattle are on cow-calf operations, 15 per cent on feeder and stocker operations and seven per cent on feeding operations.
You will find a wealth of beef production information on this page including:
- Breeding and Reproduction
- Feeds and Nutrition
- Management
- On-farm Food Safety
- Facilities
- Animal Health and Biosecurity
- Other Links
Find other information on costs of production, manure and mortalities management.
Breeding and Reproduction
One of the most important components of beef production is reproductive management. The goal of all cow-calf operations is for every cow to produce a healthy saleable calf every 12 months; this is impossible without proper reproductive management. Below is a collection of information and resources for breeding and reproduction.
- Breeds of Livestock (Oklahoma State University)
- Cold Weather Impacts on Bull Fertility
- Feeding to Maximize Reproductive Performance of Your Cows and Heifers
- Strategic Breeding Management for Increased Profit
- Using Expected Progeny Differences in a Breeding Program
Calving season
Feeds and Nutrition
Alternative Feeds
- Canola: Guidelines for Feed Use
- Feeding Chaff and Chaff-Straw Feedstuffs
- Feeding and Silaging Edible Beans, Soybeans and Sunflowers
- Feeding Opportunities with Ethanol By-Products
- Feeding Wheat to Cattle
- Frost Damaged & Immature Corn Management Options
- Oat Hulls as a Feed Source for Livestock
- Sorghum-Sudan Grass Key Management Guidelines
- Straw as an Alternative Roughage Source for Wintering Beef Cows
Extending Livestock Feed Supplies
- Extending Livestock Feed Supplies - Section 1
- Extending Livestock Feed Supplies - Section 2
- Extending Livestock Feed Supplies - Section 3
- Minimum Roughage and Grain Replacement Guidelines
- Feed Processing and Salt Supplemented Intake
- Grazing and Feeding Restrictions for Common Herbicides
- Glossary of Terms used in Livestock Nutrition
- Stretching Feed When Supplies are Tight
Feeding Management and Rations
Cow/Calf
- Colostrum
- Early Weaning of Calves an Option During Periods of Drought and Excess Moisture
- Feeding Cattle During Manitoba Winters
- Feeding Cull Beef Cows
- Influence of Post-Calving Supplemental Protein on Calf Performance and Reproductive Efficiency for Beef Cows Fed Silage
- Lactation Rations for Beef Cows
- Ration Balancing Checklist for Cattle
- The Economics of Creep Feeding Beef Calves on Pasture
- Winter Feeding Options for Calves
- Winter Rations for Beef Cows
Replacement Heifers
Backgrounding
- Backgrounding - Feeder Cattle Nutrition (SK Agriculture)
- Rations for Backgrounding Calves
Finishing
Ration Planning
Problem Feeds: How to Manage or Avoid Them
- Endophytes in Perennial Ryegrass and Tall Fescue Straw
- Feeding Frozen Grain to Cattle
- Feeding Fusarium Contaminated Grain to Livestock
- Molds and Mycotoxins
- Nitrate Poisoning
- Prevention of Pasture Bloat in Cattle Grazing Alfalfa
- Prussic Acid Toxicity
- The Role of Pastures in Grass Founder (Sand Cracks)
- Utilizing Canola for Feed and Prussic Acid Toxicity
- What to Do With Sprouted Grains
- Winter Tetany, Milk Fever, Pregnancy Toxaemia
Feed Testing
- Feed Testing and Ration Balancing
- NDF Digestibilities: a New Analysis to Evaluate Forage Quality
- Proper Hay Sampling
- Resolving Feed Complaints
- Sampling Silage
For more information on forage production and management in crops.
If you are looking to buy or sell hay, access the Hay Listing in Manitoba.
Minerals and Vitamins
- Minerals for Beef Cattle
- Potassium and Tetany Ratios
- Selenium in Beef Cattle Nutrition
- Vitamin E Requirements for Finishing Cattle and Beef Cows
Water
- Dugout Management and Water Quality
- Pasture Watering Systems (PDF)
- Pasture Water Testing and Results (PDF)
- Remote Winter Watering Systems (PDF)
- Snow as a Water Source for Wintering Beef Cattle
- Water Quality on Pasture
Management
Beef cattle producers need to be astute managers to remain viable. Management of the beef herd includes many components including economics, herd management, nutrition and feeding, animal health, handling facilities and information management to keep current.
Record keeping
- Age Verification (Canadian Cattle Identification Agency)
- Calving and Treatment Pocket Record Book
Production management tools
- Growth Implants for Beef Cattle
- Low-Stress Cattle Handling (PDF)
- Real-Time Ultrasound Evaluation of Carcass Traits
On-Farm Food Safety
Recognizing the importance of consumer confidence in Canadian beef, a team of industry leaders developed a national on-farm food safety program for beef producers called the Verified Beef Production Plus (VBP+) program. It’s a producer-led program designed to help implement and verify the good production practices on-farm that minimize food safety risks. Read more about on-farm food safety programs.
Facilities
There are a wide range of beef cattle facilities from simple to very complex designs. The right facility will depend on the type of operation that is identified; low input operations may need a minimum of facilities to get by; whereas a large feedlot requires extensive facilities.
Producers considering establishing or expanding beef operation should make themselves aware of any legislation that may affect their operations. Producers should consult their local AGR/MASC Service Centre, Manitoba Water Stewardship and their municipality office for legislation for their area.
- Beef Cattle Series (Canada Plan Service)
- Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Beef Cattle (National Farm Animal Care Council)
- Everything You Need to Know About Electric Fencing
Refer to the nutrient and mortalities management sections in environment for additional information.
Animal Health and Biosecurity
Good herd health practices and improved on farm biosecurity can limit the transfer and incidence of diseases.
- Backgrounding Beef Cattle Health Programs
- Biosecurity in Livestock Production
- Weaned Calves and Animal Health Needs
For more information on beef cattle diseases, visit animal health, animal welfare or the Chief Veterinary Office.
Visit the beef Links page for a convenient listing of more great resources related to beef production.

